Chpt.35 Sect.1 Flashcards
Popular vote
Plebiscite
Tactic of burning villages and food supplies as retreating in order to deter opposition
Scorched-earth policy
Give up the throne
Abdicate
1799
France experienced 10 yrs of revolution and war
Ppl wanting return to peace and order
Napoleon Bonaparte
From Corsica
Lieutenant in French army
Promoted to general at 24
1796/Napoleon
Chosen to lead French troops into Italy
Defeated Austrians
Results of 1796
France acquired Belgium
Many Italian art treasures moved to Louvre
French national museum
Louvre
1798/Napoleon/Egypt
British there Great land victory won British fleet destroyed French fleet Est. Influence still Soldiers accompanying discovered Rosetta Stone
1798
Austria, Russia, GB defeated French forces in Europe
He and 2 directory members plotted to take over Paris gov
Nov.9/1799
Plan put into actions and worked
Consulate
Gov made by Napoleon
First Consul was Leon
1801
French forces overpowered Austria
1802
Peace treaty made w/ GB
Napoleon reforms taking away power
Ppl right to choose local officials
Local gov no longer collect taxes
National gov
Given power
Collect all taxes
Napoleon’s system … so
Better organized
More taxes collected
France got out of debt after few years
Economy improved
Tax money funded
Public education
French legal system
Committee of lawyers appointed
Napoleonic Code
New code of law whole country followed
Divided into five parts
Preserved important rights of won in rev
Napoleonic Code benefits
Serfdom ended
Ppl equal before law
Public trial by jury
Freedom or religion
Napoleonic Code cons
No one allowed to criticize national gov
No freedom of speech or press
Many ppl put in jail
Police force always watching ppl
Person who:
Designed furniture like ancient Greeks and Romans
Called “Empire” style
Spread through Europe
Jacques-Louis David court painter
“Empire” style clothing
Narrow white cotton/muslin dressed w/ low square necklines and short puffed sleeves
Hair like women of ancient Rome
Arc de Triomphe
Huge marble arc
Monument for Napoleon’s campaigns
Napoleon/transportation
Canals
Improved roads
14 new bridges across Seine River
Seine River
Runs through Paris
1802/Leon
Elected as First Consul for life
Used plebiscite
1804/Leon
Emperor of France
Coronation in Nitre Dame Cathedral
Pope supposed to Crown but crowned himself
Officers in army chosen
Cuz able in battle not cuz of rank(aristocrats)
1803/Britain/Napoleon
Declared war on France
GB and allies lost
1805/Leon
Crowned himself king of Italy
1806/Leon
Formed Confederation of the Rhine
Consisted of group of conquered German states
1808/Leon
Invaded Spain and Portugal
1809/Leon
Papal States part of France
Put Pope in prison
France’s boundaries including much of Europe
Grand Empire
Took place of Holy Roman Empire
Advantage of army worshiping him
Ppl ruling gov conquered areas
French citizens’ relatives of Leon
Thus ideas of French rev spread
Napoleon forbade …
Countries in empire to trade w/ GB(nation of shopkeepers)
Hard to enforce
Unsuccessful
1812/Leon/Russia
Grand army(600,000) invaded Russians only fought one battle Used scorched-earth policy to drive French deeper into Russia
Sept.1812
Leon reached Moscow
City caught fire and 3/4 destroyed
Leon sent proposals but ignored
Why Russian attack failed
Harsh winter started(-40)
Disease
Lack of food and shelter
Less than 100,000 made back to France
New army made but didn’t work why
Not well trained
Defeated by Austria, Prussia, GB, Russia
Fiery time four countries joined together to fight Leon
1814/Leon
Allies took Paris
Forced to abdicate
Sent to Elba off coast of Italy
Invaded France again and reigned as emperor for 100 days
Why 100 day rule ended
Duke of Wellington defeated him 1815 at Battle of Waterloo
Leon sent to island if St. Helena off west coast of Africa
Leon date of death and place
1821
St.Helena
