Chpt. 9.7 Muscles Flashcards
Muscles required for test
Epicranius
Origin: occipital bone
Insertion: skin around eye
Action: Elevates eyebrows
Orbicularis oculi
Origin: maxillary and frontal bones
Insertion: skin around eye
Action: closes eye as in blinking
Orbicularis oris
Origin: muscles near mouth
Insertion: skin of central lip
Action: closes lips, protrudes lips as for kissing
Buccinator
Origin: alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: obicularis oris
Action: compresses cheeks
Zygomaticus major
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: elevates corner of mouth as when smiling
Zygomaticus minor
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: elevates corner of mouth as when smiling
Platysma
Origin: fascia in upper chest
Insertion: skin and muscles below mouth; mandible
Action: depresses lower lip and angle of mouth as when smiling
Masseter
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface of ramus of mandible
Action: elevates and protracts mandible
Temporalis
Origin: temporal bone
Insertion: coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible
Action: elevates and retracts mandible
Medial pterygoid
Origin: sphenoid, palatine, and maxillary bones
Insertion: medial surface of ramus of mandible
Action: elevates mandible and moves it from side to side
Lateral pterygoid
Origin: Sphenoid bone
Insertion: anterior surface of mandibular condyle
Action: depresses and protracts mandible and moves it side to side
Trapezius
Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae
Action: retracts shoulder, extends neck
Rhomboid major
Origin: spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: retracts, elevates, and rotates scapula
Rhomboid minor
Origin: spinous processes of lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: retracts and elevates scapula
Levator scapulae
Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: elevates scapula
Serratus anterior
Origin: anterior surfaces of upper ribs
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: protracts and rotates scapula
Pectoralis minor
Origin: anterior surface of ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: depresses and protracts scapula, elevates ribs during forceful inhalation
Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: medial mid-shaft of humerus
Action: flexes shoulder and adducts arm
Pectoralis major
Origin: clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of upper ribs
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: flexes shoulder, adducts, and rotates arm medially
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: spines of sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest, and lower ribs
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: extends/retracts and depresses shoulder, adducts and rotates arm medially
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: abducts arm
Deltoid
Origin: Acromion process, spine of the scapula, and the clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: lateral portion abducts arm, anterior portion flexes shoulder, posterior portion extends shoulder
Subscapularis
Origin: anterior surface of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: rotates arm medially
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: rotates aremm laterally
Teres minor
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: rotates arm laterally
Biceps brachii
Origin: coracoid process and tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius
Action: flexes elbow and supinates forearm and hand
Brachialis
Origin: anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
Action: flexes elbow
Brachioradialis
Origin: distal lateral end of humerus
Insertion: lateral surface of radius above styloid process
Action: flexes elbow
Triceps brachii
Origin: tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral and posterior surfaces of humerus
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Action: extends elbow
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and crest of ulna
Insertion: anterior and lateral surface of radius
Action: rotates forearm laterally, supinates forearm and hand
Pronator teres
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: lateral surface of radius
Action: rotates forearm medially; pronates forearm and hand
Pronator quadratus
Origin: anterior distal and of ulna
Insertion: anterior distal end of radius
Action: rotates forearm medially; pronates forearm and hand
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of second and third metacarpals
Action: flexes wrist and abducts hand
Flexor carpi unlaris
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process of ulna
Insertion: carpal and metacarpal bones
Action: flexes wrist and adducts hand
Palmaris longus
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: fascia of palm
Action: flexes wrist
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: anterior and medial surface of ulna
Insertion: distal phalanges of fingers 2-5
Action: flexes wrist and joints of fingers
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, and radius
Insertion: tendons of fingers
Action: flexes wrist and joints of fingers
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral end of humerus
Insertion: base of second metacarpal
Action: extends wrist and abducts hands
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of third metacarpal
Action: extends wrist and abducts hand
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal, posterior ulna
Insertion: base of fifth metacarpal
Extensor digitorum
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: posterior surface of phalanges in fingers 2-5
External oblique
Origin: outer surfaces of lower 8 ribs
Insertion: outer lip of iliac crest and linea alba
Action: compresses abdomen flexes and rotates vertebral column
Internal oblique
Origin: iliac crest and inguinal ligament
Insertion: lower 3-4 ribs, linea alba, and crest of pubis
Action: compresses abdomen, flexes and rotates vertebral column
Transversus abdominus
Origin: costal cartilages of lower 6 ribs, processes of lumbar vertebrae, lip of iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba and crest of pubis
Action: compresses abdomen, flexes and rotates vertebral column
Rectus abdominus
Origin: crest of pubis and pubic symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid process of sternum and ribs 5-7
Action: Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column
Psoas major
Origin: bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Action: flexes hip
Iliacus
Origin: iliac fossa of ilium
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Action: flexes hip
Gluteus maximus
Origin: Sacrum, coccyx, and posterior surface of ilium
Insertion: posterior surface of femur and fascia of thigh
Action: extends hip
Gluteus medius
Origin: lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: abducts and rotates thigh medially
Gluteus minimus
Origin: lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: abducts and rotates thigh medially
Piriformis
Origin: anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: abducts and rotates thigh laterally
Tensor fasciae latae
Origin: anterior iliac crest
Insertion: iliotibial tract (fascia of thigh)
Action: abducts thigh, flexes hip, and rotates thigh medially
Pectineus
Origin: spine of pubis
Insertion: femur distal to lesser trochanter
Action: flexes hip and adducts thigh
Adductor brevis
Origin: pubic bone
Insertion: posterior surface of femur
Action: adducts thigh and flexes hip
Adductor longus
Origin: pubic bone near pubic symphysis
Insertion: posterior surface of femur
Action: adducts thigh and flexes hip
Adductor magnus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior surface of femur
Action: adducts thigh, posterior portion extends and anterior portion flexes hip
Biceps femoris
Origin: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
Insertion: head of fibular
Action: flexes knee, rotates leg laterally, and extends hip
Semitendinosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: proximal, medial surface of tibia
Action: flexes knee, rotates leg medially, and extends hip
Semimembranosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Action: flexes knee, rotates leg medially, and extends hip
Sartorius
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: medial surface of tibia
Action: flexes knee and hip, abducts and rotates thigh laterally, and rotates leg medially
Rectus femoris
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine and margin of acetabulum
Insertion: patella by tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: extends knee, flexes hip
Vastus lateralis
Origin: greater trochanter and posterior surface of femur
Insertion: patella by tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: extends knee
Vastus medialis
Origin: medial surface of femur
Insertion: patella by tendond, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: extends knee
Vastus intermedius
Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
Insertion: patella by tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: extends knee
Tibialis anterior
Origin: lateral condyle and lateral surface of tibia
Insertion: tarsal bone (medial cuneiform) and first metatarsal
Action: dorsiflexion and inversion
Fibularis tertius
Origin: anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal
Action: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: dorsal surfaces of middle and distal phalanges of four lateral toes
Action: dorsiflexion of foot, extends toes
Extensor hallicus longus
Origin: anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: distal phalanx of the great toe
Action: extends great toe, dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
Gastrocnemius
Origin: lateral and medial condyles of femur
Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: plantar flexion of foot, flexes knee
Soleus
Origin: head and shaft of fibula and posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: plantar flexion of foot
Plantaris
Origin: femur
Insertion: calcaneus
Action: plantar flexion of foot, flexion of knee
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: distal phalanges of four lateral toes
Action: plantar flexion and inversion of foot, flexes four lateral toes
Tibialis posterior
Origin: lateral condyle and posterior surface of tibia and posterior surface of fibula
Insertion: tarsal and first metatarsal
Action: plantar flexion and inversion of foot
Fibularis longus
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and head and shaft of fibula
Insertion: tarsal bone (medial cuneiform) and first metatarsal
Action: plantar flexion and eversion of foot, also supports arch
