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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Chpt. 7 Bones > Flashcards

Chpt. 7 Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal bone

A

Anterior portion above eyes

Features: supraorbital foramens, 2 frontal sinuses

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2
Q

Parietal bone

A

One on each side of skull (farther back); form sides and roof

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3
Q

Occipital bone

A

Back and base of skull

Features: foramen magnum (passageway for spinal cord), occipital condyles

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4
Q

Temporal bone

A

One on each side of the skull

Features: external acoustic meatus (leads to inner ear), mandibular (glenoid) fossae (articulates with mandible), rounded mastoid process and longer styloid process, carotid canal, jugular foramen

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5
Q

Sphenoid

A

central part and two wing-like structures extending laterally, forms base of cranium and floor/sides of orbit

Features: sella turica, 2 sphenoid sinuses separated by a septum

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6
Q

Ethmoid

A

two masses on either side of nasal cavity joined by cribiform plates. Perpendicular plate forms septum

Features: crista galli extends upwards towards brain

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7
Q

Maxillae

A

Upper jaw. Hard palate, floors of orbits, sides/floor of nasal cavity

Features: maxillary sinuses (largest), palatine process, alveolar process (projects down to form alveolar/dental arch for teeth)

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8
Q

Palatine

A

L-shaped bone behind maxillae

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9
Q

Zygomatic

A

Lateral wall and floor of orbit

Features: temporal process joins with zygomatic process of temporal bone

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10
Q

Lacrimal bone

A

Medial wall of orbit

Features: groove in front to allow tears to flow to the nasal cavity

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11
Q

Nasal bone

A

Long, thin, fused at midline within nasal cavity

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12
Q

Vomer bone

A

Thin, flat, along midline within nasal cavity. Joins ethmoid bone posteriorly

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13
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Fragile, scroll-shaped bones on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Supports mucous membranes

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14
Q

Mandible

A

Horse-shoe shaped with flat ramus extending upwardss on each end (forms hing of jaw)

Features: mandibular condyle (articula w/ mandibular fossa), coronoid process for chewing muscles, alveolar processes for teeth

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15
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7
Starts with atlas and axis

Features: transverse foramina for arteries to brain
2-6 are forked, 7th has vertebra prominens

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16
Q

Atlas

A

First vertebra, has practically no body or spine, but has facets to articulate with occipital condyles

17
Q

Axis

A

Second vertebra, has a toothlike ‘dens’ that articulates with the odontoid process of atlas

18
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12, rib cage area
Increase in size from 3rd down
Facet on each side for rib articulation

19
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5, small of back
Have larger/stronger bodies to support more weight
Short, thick spinous process

20
Q

Sacral vertebrae

A

5 fused, base of column

Joins hip bones posteriorly

21
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae

22
Q

Thoracic cage

A

12 pairs of ribs
-7 true ribs joining sternum directly
-5 false attaching to superior ribs (incld. 2 floating ribs)
-Tuburcle near head articulates with transverse process of vertebra
Sternum
-manubrium, middle body, and xiphoid process (projects downward)

23
Q

Typical vertebra

A

Body: drum shaped, separated by intravertebral discs
Pedicles: form sides of vertebral foramen
Vertebral foramen: passageway for spinal cord
Spinous process: part formed by two fused laminae on posterior portion
Transverse process: projects laterally/posteriorly
Superior articular process: projects upward from vertebral arch (inferior articular process is opposite)

24
Q

Clavicle

A

Makes up part of pectoral girdle

Articulates with manubrium on medial ends, and with processes of scapulae on lateral ends

25
Q

Scapulae

A

Makes up part of pectoral girdle
Broad, flat, and triangularly shaped

  • Posterior surface has a large spine
  • Acromion process is at tip of shoulder, articulates w/ clavicle
  • Coracoid process curves inferiorly and anteriorly to acromion to provide attachment for chest/upper limb muscles
  • Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus
26
Q

Humerus

A

Head fits into scapula
-Greater tubercle on lateral side and lesser tubercle on anterior side (groove between = intertuburcular sulcus)

  • Deltoid tuberosity: rough v-shaped area in middle on lateral side
  • Condyles on bottom: capitulum (lateral) articulates w/ radius, trochlea articulates w/ ulna (medial)
  • Coronoid fossa: anterior, receives a process of ulna when elbow bends
  • Olecranon process: posterior, receives ulnar process when elbow straightens
27
Q

Radius

A

Thumb side of forearm
Head articulates w/ capitulum of humerus

  • Radial tuberosity: attachment for muscles
  • Styloid process: distal/lateral, attachment for ligaments of wrist
28
Q

Ulna

A

Trochlear notch articulates with humerus

  • Olecranon process attaches to elbow straightening muscles
  • Coronoid process articulates w/ coronoid fossa of humerus when elbow bends
29
Q

Hand

A

Wrist: 8 carpal bones
Metacarpals: 5, framework of palm
Phalanges: 3 in each finger, two in thumb

30
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis

31
Q

Ilium

A

Largest hip bone, most superior

  • iliac crest
  • concave interior = iliac fossa
  • Deep posterior indentation is greater sciatic notch (for nerves)
32
Q

Ischium

A

Lowest portion of hip, L-shaped

  • angle is ischial tuberosity, points down/posterior
  • Ischial spine near ilium, sharp projection
33
Q

Pubis

A

Anterior portion of hip

-Pubic symphisis: joint between the two hips in the front, forms pubic arch

34
Q

Femur

A

Head projects medially into acetabulum

  • Fovea capitis: dip in head for ligament attachment
  • Greater trochanter: large lateral process under head for muscle attachment
  • Lesser trochanter: smaller medial process for muscle attachment
  • Linea aspera: posterior crest in middle third
  • Distal/lateral condyles articulat with the tibia, attachments for muscles and ligaments
35
Q

Patella

A

Sesamoid assisting in lever motions for the lower limb

36
Q

Tibia

A

The larger, medial lower leg bone
Medial and lateral condyles articulate with femur to form the knee (concave surfaces)

-Tibial tuberosity: below condyles on anterior surface

37
Q

Fibula

A

Lateral side of tibia, articulates w/ tibia proximally

Articulates w/ ankle distally

38
Q

Foot

A

Ankle: 7 tarsal bones
-Talus joins at tibia and fibia, forms ankle
-Calcaneus forms base of heel, has calcaneal tuberosity to attach foot muscles
Instep: 5 metatarsals
Toes: 3 phalanges per toe, 2 in big toe

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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