Chpt. 7 Bones

Question 1

Frontal bone

Answer 1

Anterior portion above eyes

Features: supraorbital foramens, 2 frontal sinuses

Question 2

Parietal bone

Answer 2

One on each side of skull (farther back); form sides and roof

Question 3

Occipital bone

Answer 3

Back and base of skull

Features: foramen magnum (passageway for spinal cord), occipital condyles

Question 4

Temporal bone

Answer 4

One on each side of the skull

Features: external acoustic meatus (leads to inner ear), mandibular (glenoid) fossae (articulates with mandible), rounded mastoid process and longer styloid process, carotid canal, jugular foramen

Question 5

Sphenoid

Answer 5

central part and two wing-like structures extending laterally, forms base of cranium and floor/sides of orbit

Features: sella turica, 2 sphenoid sinuses separated by a septum

Question 6

Ethmoid

Answer 6

two masses on either side of nasal cavity joined by cribiform plates. Perpendicular plate forms septum

Features: crista galli extends upwards towards brain

Question 7

Maxillae

Answer 7

Upper jaw. Hard palate, floors of orbits, sides/floor of nasal cavity

Features: maxillary sinuses (largest), palatine process, alveolar process (projects down to form alveolar/dental arch for teeth)

Question 8

Palatine

Answer 8

L-shaped bone behind maxillae

Question 9

Zygomatic

Answer 9

Lateral wall and floor of orbit

Features: temporal process joins with zygomatic process of temporal bone

Question 10

Lacrimal bone

Answer 10

Medial wall of orbit

Features: groove in front to allow tears to flow to the nasal cavity

Question 11

Nasal bone

Answer 11

Long, thin, fused at midline within nasal cavity

Question 12

Vomer bone

Answer 12

Thin, flat, along midline within nasal cavity. Joins ethmoid bone posteriorly

Question 13

Inferior nasal conchae

Answer 13

Fragile, scroll-shaped bones on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Supports mucous membranes

Question 14

Mandible

Answer 14

Horse-shoe shaped with flat ramus extending upwardss on each end (forms hing of jaw)

Features: mandibular condyle (articula w/ mandibular fossa), coronoid process for chewing muscles, alveolar processes for teeth

Question 15

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 15

7
Starts with atlas and axis

Features: transverse foramina for arteries to brain
2-6 are forked, 7th has vertebra prominens

Question 16

Atlas

Answer 16

First vertebra, has practically no body or spine, but has facets to articulate with occipital condyles

Question 17

Axis

Answer 17

Second vertebra, has a toothlike ‘dens’ that articulates with the odontoid process of atlas

Question 18

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 18

12, rib cage area
Increase in size from 3rd down
Facet on each side for rib articulation

Question 19

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 19

5, small of back
Have larger/stronger bodies to support more weight
Short, thick spinous process

Question 20

Sacral vertebrae

Answer 20

5 fused, base of column

Joins hip bones posteriorly

Question 21

Coccyx

Answer 21

4 fused vertebrae

Question 22

Thoracic cage

Answer 22

12 pairs of ribs
-7 true ribs joining sternum directly
-5 false attaching to superior ribs (incld. 2 floating ribs)
-Tuburcle near head articulates with transverse process of vertebra
Sternum
-manubrium, middle body, and xiphoid process (projects downward)

Question 23

Typical vertebra

Answer 23

Body: drum shaped, separated by intravertebral discs
Pedicles: form sides of vertebral foramen
Vertebral foramen: passageway for spinal cord
Spinous process: part formed by two fused laminae on posterior portion
Transverse process: projects laterally/posteriorly
Superior articular process: projects upward from vertebral arch (inferior articular process is opposite)

Question 24

Clavicle

Answer 24

Makes up part of pectoral girdle

Articulates with manubrium on medial ends, and with processes of scapulae on lateral ends

Question 25

Scapulae

Answer 25

Makes up part of pectoral girdle Broad, flat, and triangularly shaped - Posterior surface has a large spine - Acromion process is at tip of shoulder, articulates w/ clavicle - Coracoid process curves inferiorly and anteriorly to acromion to provide attachment for chest/upper limb muscles - Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus

Question 26

Humerus

Answer 26

Head fits into scapula -Greater tubercle on lateral side and lesser tubercle on anterior side (groove between = intertuburcular sulcus) - Deltoid tuberosity: rough v-shaped area in middle on lateral side - Condyles on bottom: capitulum (lateral) articulates w/ radius, trochlea articulates w/ ulna (medial) - Coronoid fossa: anterior, receives a process of ulna when elbow bends - Olecranon process: posterior, receives ulnar process when elbow straightens

Question 27

Radius

Answer 27

Thumb side of forearm Head articulates w/ capitulum of humerus - Radial tuberosity: attachment for muscles - Styloid process: distal/lateral, attachment for ligaments of wrist

Question 28

Ulna

Answer 28

Trochlear notch articulates with humerus - Olecranon process attaches to elbow straightening muscles - Coronoid process articulates w/ coronoid fossa of humerus when elbow bends

Question 29

Hand

Answer 29

Wrist: 8 carpal bones Metacarpals: 5, framework of palm Phalanges: 3 in each finger, two in thumb

Question 30

Pelvic girdle

Answer 30

Formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 31

Ilium

Answer 31

Largest hip bone, most superior - iliac crest - concave interior = iliac fossa - Deep posterior indentation is greater sciatic notch (for nerves)

Question 32

Ischium

Answer 32

Lowest portion of hip, L-shaped - angle is ischial tuberosity, points down/posterior - Ischial spine near ilium, sharp projection

Question 33

Pubis

Answer 33

Anterior portion of hip | -Pubic symphisis: joint between the two hips in the front, forms pubic arch

Question 34

Femur

Answer 34

Head projects medially into acetabulum - Fovea capitis: dip in head for ligament attachment - Greater trochanter: large lateral process under head for muscle attachment - Lesser trochanter: smaller medial process for muscle attachment - Linea aspera: posterior crest in middle third - Distal/lateral condyles articulat with the tibia, attachments for muscles and ligaments

Question 35

Patella

Answer 35

Sesamoid assisting in lever motions for the lower limb

Question 36

Tibia

Answer 36

The larger, medial lower leg bone Medial and lateral condyles articulate with femur to form the knee (concave surfaces) -Tibial tuberosity: below condyles on anterior surface

Question 37

Fibula

Answer 37

Lateral side of tibia, articulates w/ tibia proximally | Articulates w/ ankle distally

Question 38

Foot

Answer 38

Ankle: 7 tarsal bones -Talus joins at tibia and fibia, forms ankle -Calcaneus forms base of heel, has calcaneal tuberosity to attach foot muscles Instep: 5 metatarsals Toes: 3 phalanges per toe, 2 in big toe