Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTA II (Lecture) > Chpt. 6. Parkinsons and MS > Flashcards

Chpt. 6. Parkinsons and MS Flashcards

1
Q

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

A

a progressive neurodegenerative disease which involves the loss of cells in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra (produces dopamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is estimated that by the time the diagnosis of Parkinson’s is made, approximately __ of dopamine-producing cells (which act as messengers between brain cells that ___ ____) have already stopped!

A
  • 80%

- control movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Approx. how many Canadians have Parkinsons (ususally around age 60) ?

A

100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In younger patients what symptoms is more frequently seen in Parkinson’s?

A
  • dystonia (involuntary muscle contraction)

- motor fluctuations and -dyskinesia (onvoluntary movement) associated with LEVODOPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What symptom is less common in younger people with Parkinsons?

A
  • trembling

- cognitive disorders (memory impairment/concentration difficulties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is another term for Parnkinson’s ?

A

“extrapyramidal disorder” : something that happens at the medulla oblongdata (looks like pyramid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Extrapyramidal system consists of the __ (incl. substantia nigra). Axon goes from Substantia nigra to ___ and “smoothes out my movements” working with the cerebellum to inhibit unwanted movements.

A
  • basal ganglia

- cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common disorder of the Extrapyramidal tracts? and what are the other 3?

A
  • Parkinson’s

also: Chorea, Athetosis, Ballismus (involuntary movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 4 Signs of Parkinsons?

A
  • Tremor
  • Rigidity/spasticity
  • Bradykinesia
  • Mask like face
  • pin-rolling
  • festinating gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the some (4) causes of Parkinson’s?

A
  • idiopathic (degration of Subst. Nigra)
  • Toxic Exposure
  • Arteriosclerotic (mini stroke)
  • Shy-Drager Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

*What is Shy Drager Syndrome?

A

-Associated with hypotension, frequent urinary incontinence and frequent fainiting in Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What mainly produces all the dopamine in brain?

A

-Substantia Nigra (SN) and Basal Ganglia (BG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Rigidity and how is it caused?

A

-enlarged muscle spindles; caused by over-stimulation (too much Ach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

*What are 3 exercises for Parkinsons?

A
  • trunk flexion/extension (even rotation to break up trunk tone)
  • balance exercises
  • facial mobility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

*Give me 3 standing exercises for Parkinsons

A
  1. Step turns: breaks up festinating gait
  2. Shift fwd and lean back: breaks up tone in back
  3. Step over bolsters/obstacles: balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is MS? and what part of the brain (also spine) does it affect? (6)`

A
  • (progressive degenerative disease) Scar/lesions-like plaques commonly on:
  • basal ganglia
  • optic nerve (double vision)
  • 3rd and 4th ventricles
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • spinal cord
17
Q

MS is a diseas that is a process of degenerating __ and ___ : cells that produce myelin.
Myelin is important for quick impulses.

A
  • myelin

- oligodendricytes

18
Q

What are the extremes of the Scale of MS?

A 
0- Normal
10- Death due to MS: resulting from 
-respiratory paralysis, 
-coma of uncertain origin, or following repeated/prolonged
-epileptic seizures
19
Q

What are the 3 types of MS according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society?

A
  1. Clinically isolated Syndrome (intitial attack, “leg gave out”)
  2. Relapsing-Remitting MS (Benign MS: attack, and never comes back)
  3. Progressive MS (Primary +Secondary)
20
Q

*What is the most common types of MS?

A

-Relapsing Remitting (RRMS)

|&raquo_space;It is characterized by one or two flare-ups every 1 to 3 years, followed by periods of remission.

21
Q
  • What is the initial, symptom in MS?

* *What are some other Common signs/symptoms?

A

-Optic neurtis (blurred double vision/blindness)

  • Parasthesis: Sensory “pins+needles”
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia: pain face
  • clonus and hyperreflexia
22
Q

What is the only form of MS that affects men and women equally?

A

Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)

23
Q

How do you diagnose someone with MS? (NOT JUST ACCORDING TO PLAQUE)

A
  1. must experience 2 seperate attacks at least one month apart (lasting 24 hours)
  2. must be detectable damage to the myelin of the CNS, snd must occur more than once
24
Q

Did you know that most population have __ but don’t have MS ?

A

plaques

25
Q

*What is the common onset age for MS?

A

20-50 years

26
Q

*What is the ratio for men vs. women in MS?

A

3:2

27
Q

*Where is the greatest incidence with MS?

A

Caucasians;

USA, Canada, Europe, Scandinavia, Russia, South Africa, etc.

28
Q

What is the MEAN age onset of MS?

A

29-33

29
Q

*In Canada, MS is at least twice as prevalent in the ___ ___.
And ___ has the highest rate of MS.

A
  • Prairie provinces

- canada

30
Q

(Not that important) What are 4 MS managements?

A
  1. Aerobic Ex. MUST BE GENTLE
  2. Muscle Tone-may use fasc/inhib. techniques
  3. Functional training
  4. ROM
31
Q

What is a Free radical scavenger?

A

free radical binds to oxygen and neutralizes it

PTA II (Lecture) (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions