Chapter 2. Neuro Evaluation- positioning and handling Flashcards
What is Grade 0 and 4 of Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity?
0-no increase in tone
4-Affected part (s) rigid in flexion or extension
What are 2 functional limitations
-dependant : mobility and ADL’s
What are some CONGENITAL verses ADULT neuro conditions
- Congenital: Down syndrome, Autism, CP
- Adult: TBI, meningitis
What is a good way to treat children with neuro conditions
-keep it fun, and for example use bouncing balls
What are some challenges in working with adults with neurological conditions
Apraxia (motor planning problems)
What are 4 ways to appropriately handle patients with neuro conditions
- increase/decrease tone
- calm or excite
- increase STABILITY
- increase STRENGTH
What is tone (tension) regulated by
muscle spindles
What is an example for Hypotonia and Hypertonia
Hypotonia-flaccid,ataxia
Hypertonia-clonus (bouncing-effect), rigidity
How is normal tonecreated
input comes from muscle spindle to brain, and then back to muscles
What is a stretch reflex
when muscle is stimulated, the muscle spindle is stimulated and then the muscle moves
**What are the 2 biggest representation of the motor cortex
Hand and face
What part of the brain does the ‘reflex’ bypass in order for it to be quick
Cerebral cortex
What direction of impulses does the CORTICO SPINAL TRACT and SPINA THALAMIC goes
CORTICO SPINAL TRACT: descending: grey matter
SPINA THALAMIC: ascending (from to thalaus): white matter
What are 3 diseases that will cause UMN (upper motor neuron) Syndrome/Lesion
- CVA
- CP
- Parkinson’s Disease
What are often some UMN signs
-clonus or exagerated reflexes
Spasticity)
-babinski,
-loss of FMC (fine) motor
What are 4 syndromes for LMN conditions
- polio (muscles shut off)
- trauma
- guillain-barre (knocks its own muscles ouw)
- tumors (will knock-out power)
What are 5 fascilitation techniques
- contact over AGANIST muscle
- quick stretch to muscle
- distraction at the joint (pulling-apart)
- tapping or stoking involved muscle
- movement in functional patterns (DIAGONAL)
What are 3 inhibition techniques
- contact over the ANTAGONIST muscle
- avoid contact on palm or sole of feet
- compression to the joint
What are some Fascilitation vs. inhibition techniques
FASCILITATION; quick ice, loud encourag visual cues
INHIBITION; calm environment, calm voice, Rocking the body, slow movement through range
Define PNF
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular fascilitation; stimulate the GMO
Who developed the PNF
Knott, Kabatt and Voss
What are (5) components of PNF
- manual contact (use flat hand)
- manual resistance
- body positioning and body mechanics
- quick stretch
- verbal input
What grip is most often used by the TA in PNF stretching when handling patients
Lumbrical grip
