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Gross Anatomy & Kinesiology Lecture > Chpt. 11 Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Chpt. 11 Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is Stance phase?

A

the point at which the heel touches the ground

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2
Q

What are the 3 phases of Stance phase?

A
  1. Heel strike (in supination)
  2. Foot flat
  3. Midstance (moving into pronation)
  4. Toe-off (returns back to Supination)
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3
Q

What is a Swing phase?

A

when foot leaves ground and leg moves forward to another point of contact

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4
Q

What are the 3 phases of the Swing phase?

A
  1. initial swing
  2. mid swing
  3. terminal swing
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5
Q

How many bones in each foot that form an arch

A

26

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6
Q

Body weight is transferred from tibia to ___ and ____ (tarsal bones)

A

tibia - talus- calcaneus

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7
Q

How many metatarsal and how many phalanges

A

5 and 5

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8
Q

What does the Malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as?

A

act as a pulley for posterior tendons for INVERSION and EVERSION

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9
Q

*What 3 tendons pass behind the medial malleolus?

the white one strings on the foot

A

Tom-Dick-Harry

  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
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10
Q

*What are 2 tendons behind the malleolus bone?

A
  • Peroneus brevis

- peroneus longus

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11
Q

What kind of a joint is the tibiofibular joint?

How does it get sprained?

A
  • Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint

sprained: heavy contact sports

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12
Q

What movement occurs at the Subtalar joint?

what type of joint?

A

-INVERSION/ EVERSION

Arthrodial (gliding joint)

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13
Q

What joint is the INTERTARSAL and TARSOMETATARSAL joints are what type of joints?

A

ARTHRODIAL (gliding joint)

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14
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joint is what type of joint?

A

Condyloid-type joint

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15
Q

*What injury is most common?

What movement/motion?

A

ankle sprains

-Inversion, and causes damage to lateral ligament

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16
Q

*What 3 ligaments are primarily affected in an ankle sprain?

A
  1. Anterior talofibular ligament
  2. Posterior talofibular ligament
  3. Calcaneofibular ligament
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17
Q

*Excessive eversion forces injures affect which ligament? (but is less common)

A

Deltoid Ligament (medially)

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18
Q

*Which 3 movements are involved in Pronation?

A
  1. Antidorsal flexion
  2. Abduction
  3. Subtalar eversion
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19
Q

Ankle movement;
Laterally =
Medially=

A
  • evertors

- invertors

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20
Q

What is a common term describing painful leg condition often associated with running activities?

A

Shin Splints

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21
Q

Painful cramps can be relieved through active and passive _______

A

Dorsiflexion

22
Q

What are the 8 muscles involved in PLANTAR flexion?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Peroneus (fibularis) longus
  • Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
  • Plantaris
  • Tibialis posterior
23
Q

What 4 muscles are involved in EVERTING?

A
  • Peroneus (fibularis) longus
  • Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
  • Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
  • Extensor digitorum longus
24
Q

What 4 muscles are involved in DORSIFLEXION?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
  • Extensor digitorum longus (extensor of lesser toes)
  • Extensor hallucis longus (extensor of great toe)
25
What 4 muscles are involved in Invertion?
- Tibialis anterior - Tibialis posterior - Flexor digitorum longus (flexor of lesser toes) - Flexor hallucis longus (flexor of great toe)
26
What 6 muscles does the Sciatic nerve innervate into?
1. Gastrocnemius (medial head), 2.Soleus 3. tibialis posterior, 4. flexor digitorum longus, 5. flexor hallucis longus
27
*What are the muscles in each layer of the foot? Layer 1 (3)
Layer 1: - abductor hallucis (medial) - flexor digitorum brevis (med.) - abductor digiti minimi (lateral)
28
*Layer 2 (2)
- quadratus plantae (lat.) | - lumbrical muscles (med.)
29
*Layer 3 (3)
- flexor hallucis brevis (med.) - adductor hallucis (lat.) - flexor digiti minimi brevis (lat.)
30
*Layer 4 (2)?
- dorsal interosseous (lat.) | - plantar interosseous (lat.)
31
+ What are the 7 muscles that the Lateral Plantar nerve innervate in?
- adductor hallucis - quadratus plantae - lumbricales (2, 3, & 4), - dorsal interossei - plantar interossei - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti minimi
32
+What are the 2 muscles that the Superficial Peroneal nerve innervate in?
- peroneus longus | - peroneus brevis
33
*What are the 5 muscles that the Deep Peroneal nerve innervates in?
- tibialis anterior, - extensor digitorum longus, - extensor hallucis longus, - peroneus tertius - extensor digitorum brevis
34
What is the OINA for Gastocnemius?
O: Post condyles of Femur I: Post Calcaneous (Achilles tendon) N: Tibial A: Plantar flexion, Flexion of knee
35
What is the OINA for
O: Prox. 2/3 of Tibia & Fibula I: Post Calcaneous (Achilles tendon) N: Tibial A: Plantar Flexion
36
What is the OINA for Soleus?
O: Prox. 2/3 of Tibia & Fibula I: Post CALCANEOUS (Achilles tendon) N: Tibial A: Plantar Flexion
37
What is the OINA for Peroneus Longus (Fibularis) ? *what innervation?
O: head of Fibula & prox. Fibula I: Medial CUNEIFORM & 1st Metatarsal (MT) Base N: SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF COMMON FIBULAR A: eversion & plantar flexion
38
What is the OINA for Peroneus Brevis (Fibularis) ?
O: Fibula I: Styloid process of base of 5th MT N: SUPERFICIAL Branch of common fibular A: Eversion & plantar flexion
39
What is the OINA for Peroneus Tertius (fibularis) ? Action?
O: Distal of Fibula I: Base of 5th MT (Styloid process) N: DEEP branch of common fibular A: Eversion & Dorsiflexion
40
What is the OINA for Extensor Digitorum Longus?
O: head of fibula & lower part (2/3) of fibula I: Middle & distal phalanges (2-5) N: DEEP branch of common Fibular A: Dorsiflexion, extends toes
41
What is the OINA for Extensor Hallucis Longus ?
O: middle 2/3 of fibula I: based distal phalynx of 1st toe N: DEEP branch of common Fibular A: Dorsiflexion, extension of 1st toe
42
What is the OINA for Tibialis Anterior ?
O: upper Tibia I: Medial Cuneiform & base of 1st MT N: DEEP branch of common Fibular A: Dorsal Flexion, Inversion ;
43
What is the OINA for Tibialis Posterior ?
O: prox 1/2 Interosius membrane & tibia and fibula I: Cuneiforms, navicular + Bases of MT 2-5 (Spider web) N: Tibial A: plantar flexion, inversion
44
What is the OINA for Flexor Digitorum Longus ? Action: which one does it NOT flex?
O: Middle 1/3 of Tibia I: Base of distal Phalanges of 2-5 N: Tibial A: Plantar flexion + flexion of 4 toes
45
*What is the OINA for Flexor Hallucis Longus? Innervation?
O: Middle 2/3 of Fibula I: Base of distal Phalynx of 1st Toe N: Tibial A: Flexion of 1st toes, plantar flexion
46
What are the 3 synergists for Dorsiflexion?
1. Tibialis anterior 2. Extensor digitorum longus 3. Peroneus tertius - Extensor hallucis longus
47
What are the synergists for Plantar flexion? | -(6) for Soleus
``` GASTROCNEMIUS: SOLEUS: -Flexor digitorum longus -Flexor hallucis longus -Peroneus (fibularis) longus -Peroneus (fibularis) brevis -Plantaris -Tibialis posterior ```
48
What are the synergists for Tarsal and Subtalar INVERSION ? | 4
- Tibialis anterior - Tibialis posterior - Flexor digitorum longus - Flexor hallucis longus
49
What are the synergists for Tarsal and Subtalar EVERSION?
Peroneus (fibularis) longus Peroneus (fibularis) brevis Peroneus tertius Extensor digitorum longus
50
What are the synergists for TOE FLEXION?
- Flexor hallucis longus | - Flexor digitorum longus
51
What are the synergists for TOE EXTENSION?
- Extensor hallucis longus | - Extensor digitorum longus

Gross Anatomy & Kinesiology Lecture (11 decks)

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