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Gross Anatomy & Kinesiology Lecture > Chpt. 11 Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Chpt. 11 Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is Stance phase?

A

the point at which the heel touches the ground

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2
Q

What are the 3 phases of Stance phase?

A
  1. Heel strike (in supination)
  2. Foot flat
  3. Midstance (moving into pronation)
  4. Toe-off (returns back to Supination)
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3
Q

What is a Swing phase?

A

when foot leaves ground and leg moves forward to another point of contact

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4
Q

What are the 3 phases of the Swing phase?

A
  1. initial swing
  2. mid swing
  3. terminal swing
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5
Q

How many bones in each foot that form an arch

A

26

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6
Q

Body weight is transferred from tibia to ___ and ____ (tarsal bones)

A

tibia - talus- calcaneus

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7
Q

How many metatarsal and how many phalanges

A

5 and 5

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8
Q

What does the Malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as?

A

act as a pulley for posterior tendons for INVERSION and EVERSION

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9
Q

*What 3 tendons pass behind the medial malleolus?

the white one strings on the foot

A

Tom-Dick-Harry

  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
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10
Q

*What are 2 tendons behind the malleolus bone?

A
  • Peroneus brevis

- peroneus longus

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11
Q

What kind of a joint is the tibiofibular joint?

How does it get sprained?

A
  • Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint

sprained: heavy contact sports

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12
Q

What movement occurs at the Subtalar joint?

what type of joint?

A

-INVERSION/ EVERSION

Arthrodial (gliding joint)

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13
Q

What joint is the INTERTARSAL and TARSOMETATARSAL joints are what type of joints?

A

ARTHRODIAL (gliding joint)

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14
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joint is what type of joint?

A

Condyloid-type joint

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15
Q

*What injury is most common?

What movement/motion?

A

ankle sprains

-Inversion, and causes damage to lateral ligament

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16
Q

*What 3 ligaments are primarily affected in an ankle sprain?

A
  1. Anterior talofibular ligament
  2. Posterior talofibular ligament
  3. Calcaneofibular ligament
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17
Q

*Excessive eversion forces injures affect which ligament? (but is less common)

A

Deltoid Ligament (medially)

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18
Q

*Which 3 movements are involved in Pronation?

A
  1. Antidorsal flexion
  2. Abduction
  3. Subtalar eversion
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19
Q

Ankle movement;
Laterally =
Medially=

A
  • evertors

- invertors

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20
Q

What is a common term describing painful leg condition often associated with running activities?

A

Shin Splints

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21
Q

Painful cramps can be relieved through active and passive _______

A

Dorsiflexion

22
Q

What are the 8 muscles involved in PLANTAR flexion?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Peroneus (fibularis) longus
  • Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
  • Plantaris
  • Tibialis posterior
23
Q

What 4 muscles are involved in EVERTING?

A
  • Peroneus (fibularis) longus
  • Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
  • Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
  • Extensor digitorum longus
24
Q

What 4 muscles are involved in DORSIFLEXION?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
  • Extensor digitorum longus (extensor of lesser toes)
  • Extensor hallucis longus (extensor of great toe)
25
Q

What 4 muscles are involved in Invertion?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus (flexor of lesser toes)
  • Flexor hallucis longus (flexor of great toe)
26
Q

What 6 muscles does the Sciatic nerve innervate into?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius (medial head), 2.Soleus
  2. tibialis posterior,
  3. flexor digitorum longus,
  4. flexor hallucis longus
27
Q

*What are the muscles in each layer of the foot?

Layer 1 (3)

A

Layer 1:

  • abductor hallucis (medial)
  • flexor digitorum brevis (med.)
  • abductor digiti minimi (lateral)
28
Q

*Layer 2 (2)

A
  • quadratus plantae (lat.)

- lumbrical muscles (med.)

29
Q

*Layer 3 (3)

A
  • flexor hallucis brevis (med.)
  • adductor hallucis (lat.)
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis (lat.)
30
Q

*Layer 4 (2)?

A
  • dorsal interosseous (lat.)

- plantar interosseous (lat.)

31
Q

+ What are the 7 muscles that the Lateral Plantar nerve innervate in?

A
  • adductor hallucis
  • quadratus plantae
  • lumbricales (2, 3, & 4),
  • dorsal interossei
  • plantar interossei
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
32
Q

+What are the 2 muscles that the Superficial Peroneal nerve innervate in?

A
  • peroneus longus

- peroneus brevis

33
Q

*What are the 5 muscles that the Deep Peroneal nerve innervates in?

A
  • tibialis anterior,
  • extensor digitorum longus,
  • extensor hallucis longus,
  • peroneus tertius
  • extensor digitorum brevis
34
Q

What is the OINA for Gastocnemius?

A

O: Post condyles of Femur
I: Post Calcaneous (Achilles tendon)
N: Tibial
A: Plantar flexion, Flexion of knee

35
Q

What is the OINA for

A

O: Prox. 2/3 of Tibia & Fibula
I: Post Calcaneous (Achilles tendon)
N: Tibial
A: Plantar Flexion

36
Q

What is the OINA for Soleus?

A

O: Prox. 2/3 of Tibia & Fibula
I: Post CALCANEOUS (Achilles tendon)
N: Tibial
A: Plantar Flexion

37
Q

What is the OINA for Peroneus Longus (Fibularis) ?

*what innervation?

A

O: head of Fibula & prox. Fibula
I: Medial CUNEIFORM & 1st Metatarsal (MT) Base
N: SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF COMMON FIBULAR
A: eversion & plantar flexion

38
Q

What is the OINA for Peroneus Brevis (Fibularis) ?

A

O: Fibula
I: Styloid process of base of 5th MT
N: SUPERFICIAL Branch of common fibular
A: Eversion & plantar flexion

39
Q

What is the OINA for Peroneus Tertius (fibularis) ?

Action?

A

O: Distal of Fibula
I: Base of 5th MT (Styloid process)
N: DEEP branch of common fibular
A: Eversion & Dorsiflexion

40
Q

What is the OINA for Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A

O: head of fibula & lower part (2/3) of fibula
I: Middle & distal phalanges (2-5)
N: DEEP branch of common Fibular
A: Dorsiflexion, extends toes

41
Q

What is the OINA for Extensor Hallucis Longus ?

A

O: middle 2/3 of fibula
I: based distal phalynx of 1st toe
N: DEEP branch of common Fibular
A: Dorsiflexion, extension of 1st toe

42
Q

What is the OINA for Tibialis Anterior ?

A

O: upper Tibia
I: Medial Cuneiform & base of 1st MT
N: DEEP branch of common Fibular
A: Dorsal Flexion, Inversion ;

43
Q

What is the OINA for Tibialis Posterior ?

A

O: prox 1/2 Interosius membrane & tibia and fibula
I: Cuneiforms, navicular + Bases of MT 2-5 (Spider web)
N: Tibial
A: plantar flexion, inversion

44
Q

What is the OINA for Flexor Digitorum Longus ?

Action: which one does it NOT flex?

A

O: Middle 1/3 of Tibia
I: Base of distal Phalanges of 2-5
N: Tibial
A: Plantar flexion + flexion of 4 toes

45
Q

*What is the OINA for Flexor Hallucis Longus?

Innervation?

A

O: Middle 2/3 of Fibula
I: Base of distal Phalynx of 1st Toe
N: Tibial
A: Flexion of 1st toes, plantar flexion

46
Q

What are the 3 synergists for Dorsiflexion?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor digitorum longus
  3. Peroneus tertius
    • Extensor hallucis longus
47
Q

What are the synergists for Plantar flexion?

-(6) for Soleus

A 
GASTROCNEMIUS:
SOLEUS:
-Flexor digitorum longus
-Flexor hallucis longus
-Peroneus (fibularis) longus
-Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
-Plantaris
-Tibialis posterior
48
Q

What are the synergists for Tarsal and Subtalar INVERSION ?

4

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
49
Q

What are the synergists for Tarsal and Subtalar EVERSION?

A

Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Peroneus tertius
Extensor digitorum longus

50
Q

What are the synergists for TOE FLEXION?

A
  • Flexor hallucis longus

- Flexor digitorum longus

51
Q

What are the synergists for TOE EXTENSION?

A
  • Extensor hallucis longus

- Extensor digitorum longus

Gross Anatomy & Kinesiology Lecture (11 decks)

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