Chapter 1. (The moving body) Flashcards
Define Kinesiology
the study of motion or human movement
Define Anatomic Kinesiology
study of human musculoskeletal system & musculotendinous system
Define Biomechanics
the application of mechanical physics to human motion
Define Structural kinesiology
study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement
How many muscles are found in the human body
600
Is the RESTING positing the same as the Anatomical position?
What is the Anatomical position
no
- upright posture
- face straight ahead
- feet parallel and close
- palms facing forward
Contralateral means____ as ipsilateral means _____
on the opposite side,
on same side
‘Caudal’ is another word for
“Inferior”
‘Cephalic’ is another word for
“Superior”
What is Volar
relating to palm of the hand or sole of the foot
Sagittal Plane? exercise?
divides body into left and right
(flexion/extensin)
-ex.sit up
Frontal Plane? exercise?
divides body into front and back
ex. jumping jacks (add +abduction)
Transverse? exercise?
divides body into top and bottom
ex. hip rotation
How many Axial (around axel) skeleton bones
80 bones
How many Appendicular (relatin to limbs) skeleton bones
126
What are the 5 Skeleton Functions
- Protection:organs
- Support: posture
- Movement: acting as levers
- Mineral storage: calcium &phosphorus
- Hemopoiesis (formation of blood): usually in end of bones; spongy bone
ex. for Long bone
humerus
ex. for short bones
carpals
ex. for flat bones
ilium, skull
ex. for irregular bones
pelvis, vertebrae
ex. for sesamoid bones
patella, 1st metatarsophalangeal (mtp)
what is special/diff. about sesamoid bones
they are formed/floating within a tendon; doesn’t function as protection= it increases force
(makes the quad muscles tighten when walking, like a leaver)
what is a Diaphysis
long cylindrical shaft
what is the Cortex in the bone
hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis
what is the Periosteum
dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis
what is the Endosteum
fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex (inside of medullary canal)
what is the Medullary (marrow) cavity
between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow
what is the Epiphysis
ends of long bones formed from cancelleous (spongy or trabecular) bone
what is the Epiphyseal plate - (growth plate)
thin cartilage plate (before 20, then only becomes bone) separates diaphysis & epiphyses-usually on end of bones
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect & reduce friction
when does longitudinal growth occur
as long as epiphyseal plates are open
Corticol bones is ___ but Cancellous bone ___
- stiff
- spongy
What are 3 process that form JOINTS
- Condyle (ex.med/lat of femur
- Facet (between vertebrae;have synovial fluid)
- Head
Give examples of each:
- Crest
- Epicondyle (sticks out)
- Line
- Process (sticks out)
- iliac crest
- medial/lateral on humerus
- back of femur: linea aspira
- spinous proces
Gives examples of each:
- Spine
- Suture
- Trochanter
- Tubercle
- Tuberosity
- spinous process
- cranial suture
- between greater/lesser trochanter of femur or skull
- greater/lesser tubercle on humerus
- tibial tuberosity
What is an example of Foramen and Fossa
- foramen magnum
- glenoid fossa
Give me an example where you could find a sulcus?
- bycipital groove (proximal end of humerus)
What is a goiniometer used for
it is used to measure amount of MOVEMENT in a joint or measure joint ANGLES
What are the 3 classification of joints; SAD
- Synarthrodial
- Amphiarthrodial
- Diarthrodial
For the acronym SAD what is the most and least movable joint?
Synarthrodial: least movable (immovable)
Amphiarthrodial: slightly movable joints
Diarthrodial: freely movable, synovial joint (moves in 3 planes)
What is an example of each:
Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial
Diarthrodial
S-skull,teeth
A-sternum (costochondral joints)
D- shoulder,hip
What are 5 things in a synovial joint?
- articular cartilage
- joint capsule
- ligament
- synovial fluid
What is the function of a meniscus
stability
When is the synovial fluid absorbed?
When is it secreted?
- slowly absorbs synovial fluid during joint distraction
- secretes synovial fluid during & compression
What are the 6 types of Diarthrodial joints?
- Glide
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Knuckle
- “Ball and socket”
- Saddle
What are 3 examples of a GLIDING (arthrodial) joint?
- vertebral facets in spinal column
- intercarpal
- intertarsal
What are 3 examples of the HINGE (ginglymus) joint
- elbow
- knee
- talocrural
What is 1 example of the PIVOT (trochoid) joint
-proximal and distal radioulnar joint
What are 2 examples of the KNUCKLE joint
- knuckles (metacarphalangeal)
- wrist articulation between carpals and radius
What is an example of the “ball and socket” (enarthrodial) joint
- hip
- shoulder
Only example for Saddle (sellar) joint
-1st CMC joint at thumb
What is Arthrokinematics
little motions in joint
**What are 3 specific types of ACCESSORY MOTION? and what is an example of these 3?
- ROLL
- SPIN
- GLIDE
- — knee
