Chapter 3 (little info)

Question 1

Biomechanics

Answer 1

laws that relate to human body

Question 2

Statics is:

Dynamics is:

Answer 2

• stationary

- in motion

Question 3

Kinematics relates to ___ of body

Answer 3

motion

Question 4

What are the (3) types of machines producing movement -(in the Musculoskeletal system arrangement)

Answer 4

• LEVERS (most common)
• WHEEL-AXIS (movement at joint; axis=joint)
• PULLEYS (changing direction at pressure applied)

Question 5

What 3 points determine TYPE of lever + which kind of MOTION it is best suited?

Answer 5

1. AXIS (A)
2. POINT (F)
3. POINT(R)

Question 6

Define AXIS (a) in the 3 types of levers

Answer 6

“fulcrum”-the point of rotation

Question 7

Define (F) Force in the 3 types of levers

Answer 7

force application (usually muscle insertion)

Question 8

Define (R) Resistance in the 3 types of levers

Answer 8

resistance application (center of gravity of lever) or (location of an external resistance)

Question 9

What are the 3 types of levers in Order of the points?

Answer 9

1st lever: FAR
2nd Lever: ARF
3rd Lever: AFR

Question 10

What is the function of a 1st-class lever 
-give 2 (body) examples.

Answer 10

• Produce speed and ROM when axis is close to force
  ex: 1. Triceps in elbow extension
  ex2. nodding head in flexion/extension

Question 11

What is the function for 2nd-Class levers

-give a body example

Answer 11

produces force movements

ex. 1: Gastrocnemius (raising body up on toes)

Question 12

What is the function of a 3rd-Class lever

-give a body example

Answer 12

produces speed & ROM

-biceps brachii

Question 13

?What is Torque?

Answer 13

(moment of force) the turning effect of an eccentric force

Question 14

What is the function of Pulleys?

-give a body example

Answer 14

change direction when force applied

-ex. lateral malleolus

Question 15

Forces either ___ or ___ on an object in an attempt to affect ____or ___

Answer 15

• push or pull

- motion or shape

Question 16

How do you reduce forces?

Answer 16

Mass and acceleration

Question 17

Does acceleration effect force (when changing speed)

Answer 17

Yes!!

Question 18

What is the equation for Forces

Answer 18

force= mass X acceleration

Question 19

*What are 5 tissue deformations

due to mechanical loading

Answer 19

1. tension (stretching/strain)
2. Compression (squishing)
3. Shear (opp. forces)
4. Bending
5. Torsion (twisting)