Chp.5 Human Movement Science

Question 1

BIOMECHANIC DEFINITION?

Answer 1

• internal/external forces acting on human body and effect of these forces.

Question 2

Anatomic Locations Terminology (1/2)
superior?
inferior?
proximal?
distal?
anterior/ventral?

Answer 2

• superior: position above reference point.
• inferior: below ref. point.
• proximal: positioned nearest CENTER of body OR ref. pt.
• distal: FARTHEST from center OR ref.pt
• anterior/ventral: front of body

Question 3

Anatomic Locations Terminology (2/2)
posterior/dorsal?
medial?
lateral?
contralateral?
ipsilateral?

Answer 3

• posterior/dorsal: on back of body
• medial: near middle of body
• lateral: toward outside of body
• contralateral: on opposite side of body
• ipsilateral: on same side of body

Question 4

The universally accepted method of describing human movements is in ___(#) dimensions and is based on a system of __ and __

Answer 4

• 3 (sagittal, frontal, transverse)

- PLANES AND AXES

Question 5

Sagital plane?

Answer 5

• BISECTS the body into right and left sides.
• movements: flexion and extension
• e.g. biceps curls, squats, front lunges, walking…

Question 6

Flexion?

Answer 6

• bending movement where ANGLE between two adjacent segments DECREASES.

Question 7

Frontal plane?

Answer 7

• bisects body to create FRONT and BACK halves.

- ABDUCTION (movement away from midline) AND ADDUCTION?

Question 8

Transverse plane?

Answer 8

• bisects body to create UPPER and LOWER halves.

- INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION, HORIZONAL ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION

Question 9

Scapular motion?

Answer 9

• motions of the SHOULDER BLADES
• RETRACTION/PROTRACTION(shoulder blades closer/further)
• DEPRESSION/ELEVATION(downwards, upwards)

Question 10

What are the (3) primary types of MUSCLE ACTIONS?

Answer 10

• ISOTONIC (eccentric, concentric; “tonic” is tension)
• ISOMETRIC (“iso” means equal; metric is “length)
• ISOKINETIC (constant velocity)

Question 11

ECCENTRIC muscle action? vs. CONCENTRIC

Answer 11

• eccentric: muscle develops TENSION while LENGTHENING. (external forces are stronger than internal forces)
• -> decelerating; e.g. putting a weight down. Jumping and landing;
• muscle force is greater than resistive force, SHORTENING the muscle. e.g. jumping upward; “lifting”

Question 12

ISOMETRIC muscle action?

Answer 12

• when muscle is stabilizing
• when internal and external forces are the same.
• muscle length stays the same.

Question 13

ISOKINETIC muscle acton?

Answer 13

• muscle SHORTENS at CONSTANT SPEED over full range of motion (uses expensive equipment and is typ. limited to rehab + labs…

Question 14

FORCE definition?

Answer 14

• interaction between 2 entities that result in either acceleration/deceleration of object.

Question 15

LENGTH-TENSION relationship?

Answer 15

• RESTING LENGTH of a muscle and the TENSION the muscle can produce at this length.

Question 16

What does force-couple mean?

Answer 16

• MUSCLE GROUPS moving TOGETHER to produce movement around a JOINT.

Question 17

The amount of force that can be produced by muscles is dependent on LEVERAGE?

Answer 17

• how FAR the weight being moved is from the JOINT.

Question 18

One of the most important concepts in motor control is that muscles are recruited by…

Answer 18

• the CNS as groups aka MUSCLE SYNERGIES. This simplifies movement by allowing muscles and joints to operate as a functional unit.

Question 19

“the use of SENSORY INFO and SENSORIMOTOR integration to help the human movement system(HMS) in motor learning”

Answer 19

• FEEDBACK;

2 types: internal feedback: body monitoring, external feedback: external monitoring; coach, heart rate monitor…