Chp.3 - Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cardiorespiratory system composed of?

A
  • cardioVASCULAR system: heard, blood vessels, blood…

- RESPIRATORY system: trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs…

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2
Q

Where is the heart contained in?

A
  • area of the chest known as the MEDIASTINUM
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3
Q

The adult heart is approximately the size of… and weights roughly…

A
  • adult fist

- 300g

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4
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node?

A
  • special area in cardiac tissue which initiates the ELECTRICAL IMPULSES that determine HEART RATE. (located in right atrium)
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5
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node?

A
  • receives impulse from SA node. Delays impulses before sending to ventricles.
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6
Q

What is the structure of the heart?

A
  • FOUR hollow chambers; ATRIUM(reservoir) on top, VENTRICLES on bottom. RIGHT side is PULMONIC (sends to lung); LEFT side is SYSTEMIC (pumps to rest of body)
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7
Q

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction is referred to as…

A
  • stroke volume (SV)
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8
Q

What do you call the VOLUME of blood pumped by the heart by the MINUTE?

A
  • cardiac output (Q)
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9
Q

How do you manually monitor your heart rate?

A
  • place index and middle fingers on wrist near thumb and locate artery.
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10
Q

Definition of blood?

A
  • FLUID that circulates in heart, arteries, capillaries, veins… carries NUTRIENTS and OXYGEN to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of WASTE PRODUCTS.
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11
Q

What types of blood vessels are there?

A
  • arteries(blood away from heart), capillaries(exchange of chemicals and water between blood and tissues), veines (blood back to heart)
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12
Q

What does the respiratory system include?

A
  • lungs and respiratory passageways
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13
Q

Describe the mechanism of breathing

A
  • inspiration and expiration.
  • inspiratory muscles(e.g. DIAPHRAGM, external intercostals) CONTRACT to DECREASE PRESSURE in THORACIC CAVITY; when pressure is below
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14
Q

Process where gas (o2, co2) is transported between blood and alveolar sacs.

A
  • diffusioj
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15
Q

What is Maximal Oxygen Consumption?

A
  • maximal rate of OXYGEN TRANSPORT when using maximal PHYSICAL EXERTION.
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16
Q

What are some common abnormal breathing scenarios?

A
  • basically, shallow breathing is “bad” because it uses SECONDARY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES that may cause tension and result in headaches, stiffness, dizziness.
  • excessive breathing can cause co2-o2 breathing imbalance
17
Q

What do you call the NETWORK of hollow tubes that circulates blood through the body?

A
  • blood vessels.
18
Q

What do you call smaller arteries?

A
  • arterioles
19
Q

What are the very small veins that connect capillaries to larger veins called?

A
  • venules