Chp.3 - Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

What is the cardiorespiratory system composed of?

Answer 1

• cardioVASCULAR system: heard, blood vessels, blood…

- RESPIRATORY system: trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs…

Question 2

Where is the heart contained in?

Answer 2

• area of the chest known as the MEDIASTINUM

Question 3

The adult heart is approximately the size of… and weights roughly…

Answer 3

• adult fist

- 300g

Question 4

Sinoatrial (SA) node?

Answer 4

• special area in cardiac tissue which initiates the ELECTRICAL IMPULSES that determine HEART RATE. (located in right atrium)

Question 5

Atrioventricular (AV) node?

Answer 5

• receives impulse from SA node. Delays impulses before sending to ventricles.

Question 6

What is the structure of the heart?

Answer 6

• FOUR hollow chambers; ATRIUM(reservoir) on top, VENTRICLES on bottom. RIGHT side is PULMONIC (sends to lung); LEFT side is SYSTEMIC (pumps to rest of body)

Question 7

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction is referred to as…

Answer 7

• stroke volume (SV)

Question 8

What do you call the VOLUME of blood pumped by the heart by the MINUTE?

Answer 8

• cardiac output (Q)

Question 9

How do you manually monitor your heart rate?

Answer 9

• place index and middle fingers on wrist near thumb and locate artery.

Question 10

Definition of blood?

Answer 10

• FLUID that circulates in heart, arteries, capillaries, veins… carries NUTRIENTS and OXYGEN to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of WASTE PRODUCTS.

Question 11

What types of blood vessels are there?

Answer 11

• arteries(blood away from heart), capillaries(exchange of chemicals and water between blood and tissues), veines (blood back to heart)

Question 12

What does the respiratory system include?

Answer 12

• lungs and respiratory passageways

Question 13

Describe the mechanism of breathing

Answer 13

• inspiration and expiration.
• inspiratory muscles(e.g. DIAPHRAGM, external intercostals) CONTRACT to DECREASE PRESSURE in THORACIC CAVITY; when pressure is below

Question 14

Process where gas (o2, co2) is transported between blood and alveolar sacs.

Answer 14

• diffusioj

Question 15

What is Maximal Oxygen Consumption?

Answer 15

• maximal rate of OXYGEN TRANSPORT when using maximal PHYSICAL EXERTION.

Question 16

What are some common abnormal breathing scenarios?

Answer 16

• basically, shallow breathing is “bad” because it uses SECONDARY RESPIRATORY MUSCLES that may cause tension and result in headaches, stiffness, dizziness.
• excessive breathing can cause co2-o2 breathing imbalance

Question 17

What do you call the NETWORK of hollow tubes that circulates blood through the body?

Answer 17

• blood vessels.

Question 18

What do you call smaller arteries?

Answer 18

• arterioles

Question 19

What are the very small veins that connect capillaries to larger veins called?

Answer 19

• venules