Chp.2 - Basic Exercise Science - Skeletal Flashcards

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1
Q

Skeletal system is composed of?

What are the functions? (4)

A
  • bones + joints

- SUPPORT/protects, MOVEMENT, produces BLOOD, stores MINERALS

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2
Q

Bone function? (2)

A
  • resting ground for MUSCLES

- protects VITAL ORGANS

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3
Q

What are joints? Uses?

A
  • JUNCTIONS of bones, muscles, connective tissue where movement occurs
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4
Q

Axial skeleton vs. appendicular skeleton?

A
  • axial: skull, rib cage, vertebral column

- appendicular: pelvic, shoulder + extremities.

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5
Q

Throughout life, bone is constantly renewed through a process called….

A
  • remodeling
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6
Q

Osteoclasts vs. osteoblasts?

A

BONE CELLS

  • osteoclasts: REMOVES bone tissue
  • osteoblasts: FORMS bones
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7
Q

Epiphysis?

A
  • end of long bones, spongy (CANCELLOUS),

houses much of the red marrow involved in RED CELL production. Also primary sites for BONE GROWTH.

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8
Q

Diaphysis?

A
  • SHAFT portion of long bone
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9
Q

Epiphyseal Plate?

A
  • connects epiphysis with diaphysis. Where growth of diaphysis occurs.
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10
Q

Periosteum?

A
  • dense membrane that covers all of bone except for joint.

- -> where tendons attaches to; has blood vessels, bone-producing cells…

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11
Q

Medullar cavity?

A
  • CENTRAL CAVITY of bone shafts where MARROW is stored.
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12
Q

Articular (Hyaline) cartilage?

A
  • white, shiny tissue that covers joints, helps reduce friction along with synovial fluid.
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13
Q

Types of bones? (“filss”)

A
  • flat bones e.g. ribs, cranial
  • irregular bones e.g. vertebrae, pelvic, facial…
  • long bones
  • semasoid bones e.g. small bones in joint capsules or where tendon passes over joint; improves leverage and protects joint
  • short bones e.g. carpals of hands and feet
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14
Q

Bone markings? (2)

A
  • depressions: flattened/indented; muscle attachment sites

- processes: projections where muscles, tendons and ligaments can attach

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15
Q

Anatomic features of a long bone? (6)

A
  • epiphysis
  • diaphysis
  • epiphyseal plate
  • periosteum
  • medullary cavity
  • articular cartilage
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16
Q

Vertebral column is a series of…. that houses the…

A
  • irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae

- spinal cord

17
Q

Fancy word for joint motion?

A
  • arthrokinematics
18
Q

Synovial joints vs. nonsynovial joints?

A
  • synovial: 80% of all joints. Greatest capacity for motion. Held together by a joint capsule.
  • non-synovial: no joint cavity. Little to no movement e.g. pubic bone, skull…
19
Q

What are ligaments?

A
  • FIBROUS CONNECTIVE tissues that connect bone to bone and provides STABILITY as well as input to NS
  • primarily made up of protein called COLLAGEN
20
Q

Exercise and effect on bone mass?

A
  • weight bearing strengthens bones (resistance training, walking, pushups, stairs, dancing…)
  • e.g. of none weight bearing is swimming and cycling.
21
Q

There are __ bones in the human body, of which approx __ are used in voluntary movements.

A
  • 206

- 177