Chp.4 - Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Question 1

The study of ENERGY in the human body?

Answer 1

• BIOENERGETICS

Question 2

Definition of metabolism?

Answer 2

• process in which NUTRIENTS are acquired/transported/used/disposed of by the body.

Question 3

What are the main sources of energy for most organisms?

Answer 3

• carbohydrates, fats, proteins.

Question 4

Before food is used for energy, it needs to be broken down by the digestive system into smaller by-products called…

Answer 4

• substrates (enzymes act on this)

Question 5

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 5

• ORGANIC COMPOUNDS of: carbon + hydrogen + oxygen
• STARCHES, CELLULOSE, SUGARS…
• –> all eventually broken down in the body to GLUCOSE.

Question 6

The chemical/substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body is called…

Answer 6

• TRIGLYCERIDES

Question 7

Glycogen?

Answer 7

• STRING of glucose molecules that can be rapidly broken down into glucose. In LIVER and MUSCLES.

Question 8

Fat benefits? (2)

Types of fat?(2)

Answer 8

• helps the body use VITAMINS and keeps skin HEALTHY.

- SATURATED & UNSATURATED

Question 9

The formation of glucose from NONCARBOHYDRATE sources, such as amino acids?

Answer 9

• GLUCONEOGENESIS

protein isn’t used unless starving

Question 10

ENERGY STORAGE and TRANSFER UNIT within cells of the body? What results when this energy unit is used up?

Answer 10

• ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)

- it becomes adenosine DIphosphate (ADP)

Question 11

Only about …% of the energy released from ATP is actually used for cellular work, like muscle contraction. The remainder is released as …

Answer 11

• 40

- HEAT

Question 12

What are the (3) metabolic pathways in which cells can generate ATP?

Answer 12

• ATP-PC system (high intensity, short duration; anaerobic)
• GLYCOLYTIC system (more energy, 30-50 secs duration; anaerobic)
• OXIDATIVE system (most complex; uses oxygen; uses fat)

Question 13

The first step in the oxidation of fat is a process referred to as…

Answer 13

(looks like a B, prob. greek)

- B-oxidation

Question 14

The body prefers __ or __ metabolism because CO2 and water are more easily eliminated. At the start of exercise, these pathways are too slow to body relies on __ metabolism of glucose.

Answer 14

• AEROBIC
• OXIDATIVE
• ANAEROBIC

Question 15

What is the Respiratory Quotient and what is it used for?

Answer 15

• co2 expired/over 02 consumed;
• 1.0 carbs are supplying 100% of fuel
• .7 fat is supply 100% of fuel
• in b/w is thus a mixture of the two.