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SOC1110 > Chp 6 - Groups > Flashcards

Chp 6 - Groups Flashcards

1
Q

define GROUPS

A

ppl who interact and communicate w/each other, share goals and norms, and have subjective awareness as collective social unit

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2
Q

can a “group” be called a group if it does not have all 3 components?

A

no

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3
Q

define PRIMARY GROUPS

A

membership group of intimate, physical interactions and enduring relationships that meet our expressive needs

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3
Q

define EXPRESSIVE NEEDS

A

socioemotional needs such as intimacy, companionship, and emotional support

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3
Q

define INSTRUMENTAL NEEDS

A

emotionally neutral, goal driven needs

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4
Q

define SECONDARY GROUPS

A

larger membership that is more anonymous, emotionally neutral and less intimate that meet our instrumental needs

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5
Q

define GROUP SIZE EFFECT

A

effect of numbers is independent of effects of individual actions and thoughts

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6
Q

define DYAD

A

group of 2

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7
Q

define TRIAD

A

group of 3

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8
Q

define TRIAD SEGREGATION

A

tendency for triad to form dyad and isolate

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9
Q

define TERTIUS GAUDENS

A

isolate can make coalition w/either member of the dyad to form new dyad

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10
Q

define COALITION

A

alliance of at least 2 people to achieve certain ends

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11
Q

what group helps create our reflections of ourselves

A

primary group

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12
Q

define REFERENCE GROUPS

A

non-membership groups used to elevate your standards, values, attitudes, and behaviors

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13
Q

give examples of reference groups

A

media, MLB, military

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14
Q

give characteristics of in groups

A
  • tested loyalty
  • peer pressure
  • benefit of doubt given to members
  • traits are virtues
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15
Q

give characteristics of out groups

A
  • seen as antagonist and suspicious
  • receivers of racism/sexism/discriminatory behavior
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16
Q

define ATTRIBUTION THEORY

A

explaining behavior using assumptions on a person’s characteristics/circumstances

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17
Q

define ATTRIBUTION ERROR

A

wrongly crediting cause of behavior (to circumstances/character)

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18
Q

define SOCIAL NETWORK

A

set of links between ppl/groups/other social units

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19
Q

define NOT ME SYNDROME

A

claim most ppl make when faced with disappointingly conforming behavior

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20
Q

Asch’s experiment studied

A

conformity

21
Q

Milgram’s experiment studied

A

obedience and the power of authority

22
Q

Zimbardo’s experiment studied

A

power of roles and authority

23
Q

define RISKY SHIFT

A

tendency for groups to participate in riskier actions than they would alone

24
Q

define POLARIZATION SHIFT

A

tendency for group to shift toward one direction or another rather than no shift at alld

25
Q

define DEINDIVIDUATION

A

sense that one’s self has merged w/the group

26
Q

define GROUP THINK

A

tendency for group to reach consensus opinion even if its wrong

27
Q

what are the characteristics of group think

A
  • illusion of invulnerability
  • squashing of internal dissent
  • negative impression of antagonists
  • illusion of unanimity
28
Q

what are prevention methods for group think

A
  • using independent groups
  • listen to nay sayers
  • devil’s advocate
  • discuss w/ppl outside the group
  • examine alternatives
  • use outside experts
  • have a good leader that implements these methods
29
Q

what is the ABU GHRAIB PRISON

A

abuse and torture of Iraqi prisoners by US military in the middle east

30
Q

the larger group leads to

A
  • greater diffusion of responsibility
  • increase in formality and structure
  • division into smaller groups
31
Q

what are the problems of groups

A
  • deindividuation
  • social loafing
  • deindividuation
  • persuasion to extreme
  • alienation
32
Q

define FORMAL ORGANIZATION

A

persistant and large highly-organized secondary group to accomplish complex task and can be a tool for innovation

33
Q

give an example of a formal organization

A

work, school, political party

34
Q

define ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

A

collective formal/informal norms and values that shape behavior of ppl in an organization

35
Q

organizational culture can be reflected thru

A

symbols

36
Q

define INFORMAL CULTURE

A

interactions bypassing hierarchy and organization rules in favor for efficiency

37
Q

define NORMATIVE ORGANIZATIONS

A

organizations that pursue goals for personal satisfaction

38
Q

ex of normative organizations

A

political parties, Kiwani’s club, NAACP, religious organizations

39
Q

give examples of coercive organizations

A

prisons and mental hospitals

40
Q

define COERCIVE ORGANIZATIONS

A

largely involuntary membership organizations to total institution

41
Q

define UTILITARIAN ORGANIZATION

A

for/non-profits that ppl join for specific purposes (generally money)

42
Q

examples of utilitarian organizations

A

Amazon, colleges, churches, Microsoft, hospitals

43
Q

what are 3 types of organizations

A

normative, coercive, and utilitarian

44
Q

define MCDONALDIZATION

A

fast-food/factory model in most organizations that cause low pay but convenience and familiarity

45
Q

what are aspects of mcdonaldization

A
  • efficiency
  • calculability
  • predictability
  • control
46
Q

what are benefits of mcdonaldization

A
  • greater availability to wider population
  • instantaneous service and convenience
  • predictability and familiarity
  • standardization of pricing and uniform quality
47
Q

define NEUTRALIZATION

A

method ppl use to justify violation of accepted behavior

48
Q

list the different neutralization techniques

A
  • denial of victim
  • denial of injury
  • appeal to higher loyalties
  • denial of responsibility
  • condemnation of condemners
49
Q

what do functionalists and their critics believe about social structure

A
  • benefits lead to efficiency and stability of society
  • ppl only partly relevant to organization
  • hierarchy leads to ritualism and alienation
50
Q

what do conflict theorists and their critics believe about social structure

A
  • hierarchy leads to conflict between superiors and subordinates leading to tokenism
  • ppl are subordinate to power systems leading to stress and alienation
  • de-emphasizes positives
51
Q

what do symbolic interactionalists and their critics believe about social structure

A
  • stress role of self and how self develops and changes in bureaucracy
  • social organization is from interaction between superiors and inferiors
  • downplays overall social organizations

SOC1110 (12 decks)

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