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SOC1110 > Chp 5 - Organizations > Flashcards

Chp 5 - Organizations Flashcards

1
Q

define SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

A

order established in social groups at any level causing regularity and predictability in behavior

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2
Q

define SOCIAL STRUCTURE

A

organized pattern of social relationships and institutions composing society

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3
Q

are social institutions directly observable?

A

no, can only observe their impact and structure

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4
Q

in what direction do societies build to

A

simple to complex

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5
Q

can societies go from complex to simple?

A

yes but very difficult and highly unlikely

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6
Q

define COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS

A

beliefs common in community leading to belonging and moral obligation

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7
Q

define MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY

A

unity from similar roles and values

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8
Q

define ORGANIC/CONTRACTUAL SOLIDARITY

A

unity from role differentiation which allows for complex and integrated society functions

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9
Q

organic solidarity is also called

A

contractual solidarity

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10
Q

this type of solidarity weakens when society becomes more complex

A

mechanical solidarity

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11
Q

define DIVISION OF LABOR

A

mix of distinct tasks that become woven into whole

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12
Q

describe GEMEINSCHAFT

A

cohesion from strong personal ties and loyalty with moderate division of labor and small, relatively simple institutions

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13
Q

describe GESELLSCHAT

A

cohesion from high division of labor, flexibility in social roles, and secondary relationships

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14
Q

social solidarity is weaker in ____ (think the Gs)

A

Gesellschaft

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15
Q

which is more prone to class conflict and why (think the Gs)

A

Gesellschaft; Gemeinschaft has less prominent class conflict bc it is so homogenous

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of societies

A

preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial

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17
Q

what are the 4 types of preindustrial societies

A

foraging, pastoral, horti-cultural, and agricultural

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18
Q

what is the main characteristic of preindustrial societies

A

they live off the land

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19
Q

describe FORAGING SOCIETIES

A
  • hunters and gatherers
  • central institution = family
  • gender creates roles
  • loose division of labor
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20
Q

describe PASTORAL SOCIETIES

A
  • domestication of animals
  • nomadic
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21
Q

how is social organization created in foraging societies

A

little accumulation of wealth

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22
Q

how is social organization created in pastoral societies

A

elites and gender roles

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23
Q

how is social organization created in horti-cultural societies

A

wealth and division of labor

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24
Q

describe HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES

A
  • farmers
  • practice ancestor/deity worship
  • relatively permanent settlements
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25
Q

describe AGRICULTURAL SOCIEITIES

A
  • large scale agriculture
  • permanent settlements
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26
Q

how is social organization created in agricultural societies

A

caste system and slavery

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27
Q

describe INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

A
  • machinery, factories, and production of goods
  • highly productive and urbanized
  • economy comes from cash and wages
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28
Q

how is social organization created in industrial societies

A

complex division of labor and large formal organizations

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29
Q

how is social organization created in postindustrial societies

A

education and complex division of labor

30
Q

what is the defining characteristic of POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

A

produce and distribute services, information, and knowledge

31
Q

define STATUS

A

position carrying social rank/value

32
Q

define STATUS SET

A

combo of statuses occupied at 1 time

33
Q

define STATUS INCONSISTENCY

A

statuses held by 1 person bringing different prestige leading to stress and depression

34
Q

define ACHIEVED STATUSES

A

statuses achieved through effort

35
Q

define ASCRIBED STATUSES

A

statuses occupied since birth

36
Q

give examples of achieved statuses

A

occupation and gender

37
Q

give examples of ascribed statuses

A

sex, race, chronic illness

38
Q

define MASTER STATUS

A

dominant status of person’s identity that is either self-imposed or imposed by others

39
Q

define PROXEMIC COMMUNICATION

A

amount of space between interacting people

40
Q

define PROXEMIC BUBBLE

A

personal, 3D space

41
Q

define ROLE

A

behavior expected from status

42
Q

define ROLE MODELING

A

imitating behavior of role model

43
Q

define ROLE SET

A

all roles occupied at single time

44
Q

define ROLE CONFLICT

A

contradicting expectations from at least 2 roles

45
Q

define ROLE STRAIN

A

single role brings conflicting expectations

46
Q

define AFFILIATION

A

strong desire to be w/other ppl

47
Q

define INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION

A

spectrum of nonspecific positive response toward another person

48
Q

describe IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT

A

aspect of dramaturgy that is the method of controlling how others perceive them by taking on a role and reflecting it back to others

49
Q

define FACE-WORK

A

need to maintain image to continue social interaction

50
Q

define EMBARRASSMENT

A

reaction to sudden/transitory challenge to identity

51
Q

define RESTORE FACE

A

eliminate conditions causing embarrassment

52
Q

what are the functions of social institutions

A
  • replace and socialize members
  • produce and distribute goods and services
  • preserve social order
  • provide meaning and purpose
53
Q

define BUREAUCRACY

A

formal organization w/size, complexity, and hierarchy

54
Q

who created the idea of bureaucracy

A

Max Weber

55
Q

what are the characteristics (of an ideal) bureaucracy

A
  • hierarchy
  • efficiency
  • impersonal
  • written rules
  • division of labor
56
Q

what are the problems of bureaucracy

A
  • alienation
  • trained incapacity/organizational ritualism
  • peter principle
  • other face
57
Q

define ALIENATION

A

inability to see end product of their work

58
Q

define TRAINED INCAPACITY

A

training leads to incapacity to critically think outside of trained processes

59
Q

define PETER PRINCIPLE

A

ppl get promoted and move further from job they are best at

60
Q

what is thinking behind the peter principle that allows it to happen

A

if someone is good at job A then they must be good at job B

61
Q

define OTHER FACE OF BUREAUCRACY

A

practice of going around chain of command/rules to get things done (rather efficiently)

62
Q

define ORGANIZATIONAL RITUALISM

A

slavish following and rigid adherence to rules overshadowing good judgment

63
Q

define TOTAL INSTITUTIONS

A

institution where disordered entrants’ self is torn down and rebuilt

64
Q

what is the rights of the sick role

A
  • exempt from social obligations
  • can’t get well by own volition
65
Q

what is the obligations of the sick role

A
  • obligated to try to get well
  • seek competent health care
66
Q

define SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY

A

perception of reality determined by subjective meaning and perspective

67
Q

define PERSPECTIVE [social construction of reality]

A

where on fits in social structure including current knowledge, values, and norms

68
Q

t/f: reality is always under construction

A

true

69
Q

define SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY

A

society is a series of interactions based on balancing of rewards and punishments

70
Q

what are the theories of interactions

A
  • social construction of reality
  • ethnomethodology
  • dramaturgy
  • social exchange theory
71
Q

what does ethnomethodology have to say about social interaction

A

encounters holding society together is taken for granted/subconcious

SOC1110 (12 decks)

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