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SOC1110 > Chp 1 - Sociological Imagination > Flashcards

Chp 1 - Sociological Imagination Flashcards

1
Q

who created sociological imagination

A

C Wright Mills

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2
Q

according to Mills, sociology provides ____ to see what happens when _____ by events, policies, and interactions that make up ____

A

perspective; influenced; social structure

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3
Q

define LIFE CHANCES

A

odds that some opportunity/obstacle will present itself to you

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4
Q

define SOCIAL INTERACTION

A

behavior between at least 2 ppl that is given meaning during which participants react and change

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5
Q

define SOCIAL STRUCTURE

A

organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that constitute society

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6
Q

social structure refers/implies that

A

social forces are not always visible

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7
Q

social structure acknowledges that

A

choices are largely conditioned by societal location

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8
Q

define SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

A

established and organized systems of social behavior w/particular and recognized purpose

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9
Q

give examples of social insitutions

A
  • family
  • religion
  • marriage
  • government
  • economy
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10
Q

social institutions transcend ___ but still influence ____

A

individual experience; individual behavior

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11
Q

what does it mean when social institutions transcend individual experiences

A

affect large groups as a whole

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12
Q

define SOCIAL CHANGE

A

alteration of society over time

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13
Q

how is society generally viewed in terms of social change

A

viewed as stable but constantly changing

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14
Q

define SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION

A

ability to see societal patterns and social forces that influence individuals and groups

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15
Q

what are two components of sociological imagination according to Mills

A

biography and history

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16
Q

Who is C Wright Mills

A
  • creator of sociological imagination
  • troubles vs issues
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17
Q

define TROUBLES

A

privately felt problems/threatened private values

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18
Q

what is the cause of troubles

A

personal events/feelings usually with origin from societal arrangements

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19
Q

define IMMEDIATE MILIEU

A

immediate social circle

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20
Q

define ISSUES

A

threatened public values affecting masses w/origin in institutional arrangements and history of a society

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21
Q

can issues be directly defined?

A

usually no

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22
Q

how are issues and troubles connect?

A

issues shape the context which troubles can arise

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23
Q

give an example of a trouble vs issue

A

trouble = getting laid off
issue = 15 million out of 50 million unemployed

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24
Q

define BOOMERANG GENERATION

A

pattern where ppl return home after college

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25
Q

aka boomerang generation

A

accordion family

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26
Q

sociology is a ___ discipline

A

empirical

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27
Q

define EMPIRICAL

A

relying on careful observation and not conjecture/opinion

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28
Q

define DEBUNKING

A

looking behind facades of everyday life and looking at origins of behavior

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29
Q

debunking requires

A

critical distance

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30
Q

define CRITICAL DISTANCE

A

detachment from situation to view with critical mind

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31
Q

what is the significance to Georg Simmel

A

suggested sociological perspective need nearness and critical distance

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32
Q

(According to Simmel) who are strangers in a social group

A

ppl within group but does not share same pov

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33
Q

define DIVERSITY

A

variety of group experiences that result from social structure of society shaping most social and cultural institutions

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34
Q

define GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

A

seeing how events in one society may be linked to events on other side of world

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35
Q

define THE ENLIGHTENMENT

A

18th-19th century Europe of faith in ability of human reason to solve society’s problem

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36
Q

aka the enlightenment

A

the age of reason

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37
Q

what is the significance of the enlightenment

A

birth of modern science

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38
Q

define POSITIVISM

A

system of thought that regards scientific observation to be highest form of knowledgw

39
Q

what is the significance of Auguste Comte

A
  • came up with term sociology
  • positivism
40
Q

what is the significance of Harriet Martineau

A
  • wrote first sociological methods book
  • studied emerging American customs and cultures
41
Q

define DUAL/DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS

A

view of always seeing oneself through eyes of others while developing strong sense of collective identity within oppressed group

42
Q

who is the key founder of sociology

A

Robert Park

43
Q

what is the significance behind WEB Dubois

A
  • social structure of black communities
  • cofounder of NAACP
  • dual consciousness
44
Q

what is the SANDWICH GENERATION

A

living with a generation older and younger than you

45
Q

define COLOR LINE

A

racial segregation

46
Q

define MACROSOCIOLOGY

A

theories to understand society as a whole

47
Q

list 3 famous macrosociologists

A
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Karl Marx
  • Max Weber
48
Q

what is the significance of Emile Durkheim

A
  • social solidarity
  • social facts
  • society sui generis
49
Q

according to Durkheim, ____ create ___

A

rituals; social solidarity

50
Q

define SOCIETY SUI GENERIS

A

study society as a whole rather than individual experiences

51
Q

this is the basis of functionalism

A

society sui generis

52
Q

define SOCIAL FACTS

A

social patterns external to individuals

53
Q

what are examples of social facts

A

customs and social values

54
Q

t/f: social facts are the same as psychological drives & motivations

A

false

55
Q

define ANOMIE

A

breakdown of social norms

56
Q

what is the significance of Karl Marx

A

Capitalism and class conflict

57
Q

what is the significance of Max Weber

A

multidimensional analysis, Verstehen, and social action

58
Q

define MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

A

analyze politically, economically, and culturally

59
Q

define VERSTEHEN

A

understanding social behavior from pov of those who engage in it

60
Q

define SOCIAL ACTION

A

behavior to which ppl give meaning

61
Q

give an example of a social action

A
  • kneeling during the national anthem
  • pro military bumper sticker
62
Q

define MICROSOCIOLOGY

A

centering on face-to-face interaction

63
Q

define CHICAGO SCHOOL

A

group of ppl from Univ. of Chicago that studied behavior to better address needs in Chicago

64
Q

define FUNCTIONALISM

A

interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to stability of whole

65
Q

what are aspects of functionalism

A
  • fixed social roles
  • inequality inevitable and functional creating bonding and incentive to work
  • social order from consensus
  • social change comes from maintaining stability
66
Q

what is the significance of Robert Merton

A

manifest and latent functions

67
Q

define MANIFEST FUNCTIONS

A

stated and intended goals of social behavior

68
Q

define LATENT FUNCTIONS

A

unintended goals of social behavior

69
Q

what are critics of functionalism

A
  • understate roles of power and conflict
  • bad reason for inequality
  • too accepting of status quo
70
Q

define CONFLICT THEORY

A

role of coercion and power and ability of some to control others

71
Q

what are the aspects of conflict theory

A
  • ppl subordinated to society
  • inequality from competition of resources
  • social order from powerful
  • social change from mobilization of the oppressed
72
Q

what are the critics of conflict theory

A
  • neglect importance of shared values
  • overemphasize inequality
73
Q

define SYMBOLIC INTERACTION

A

address subjective meanings and interpretations ppl impose on objects/events/behaviors

74
Q

compared to the other sociological paradigms, ____ is the only microsociological model

A

symbolic interaction

75
Q

the most important part of symbolic interaction is that it is

A

subjective

76
Q

what are the aspects of symbolic interaction

A
  • ppl and society are interdependent
  • inequality shown thru importance of symbols
  • social order thru interaction and adherence to norms
  • social change from evolving relationships and creation of new meaning/symbols
77
Q

define SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONS

A

meanings attached to concrete symbols/nonverbal behaviors

78
Q

what are the critics for symbolic interactions

A
  • little analysis of inequality
  • overstates subjective basis of society
79
Q

define FEMINIST THEORY

A

gender is the primary lens to understand inequality

80
Q

what are the aspects of feminist theory

A
  • ppl bound by system of gender relationships which shape identity and belief
  • inequality from matrix of domination linking gender, race, class, and sexuality
  • patriarchal social order
  • social change from mobilization of women and allies
81
Q

what are the critics of the feminist theory

A

generally anchored in experiences of white middle class

82
Q

define SOCIOLOGY

A

scientific study of social behavior and human groups

83
Q

define ECOLOGICAL FALLACY

A

what is true of one person in group is not necessarily true of every person in that group (however the pattern for that group still holds)

84
Q

give an example of ecological fallacy

A

US presidents tend to be white men from upper class

85
Q

who is the father of sociology and funcitonalism

A

emile durkheim

86
Q

Karl Marx divided society into these 3 groups

A

Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, Lumpenproletariat

87
Q

who is the top and bottom of Karl Marx’s groups

A

top: Bourgeoisie
bottom: Lumpenproletariat

88
Q

define THOMAS THEOREM

A

what is perceived as real will be real in its consequences

89
Q

give an example of thomas theorem

A

if i think I will be hit i will defend by hitting first

90
Q

how do symbolic interactionalists view reality

A

reality is definitions

91
Q

how does change occur according to symbolists

A

change in definitions > change in behavior > change in society

92
Q

which theory believes that small groups can make change happen

A

symbolic interaction

93
Q
A

SOC1110 (12 decks)

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