Chp 3 - Research Flashcards
define DEDUCTIVE REASONING
specific research question leading to general/universal principle
define INDUCTIVE REASONING
specific observation leading to general conclusion
define LITERATURE REVIEW
reviewing existing studies of subject
define REPLICATION STUDY
repeated research but on different group/time/place
define HAWTHORNE EFECT
those who know they are being studied will behave differently
define RESEARCH DESIGN
overall logic and strategy underlying research projects
define QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
interpretation and nuance of actions or observations
define QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
numerical analysis
define VARIABLE
characteristic of person/group that can have more than 1 value/score
define CONCEPT
abstract characteristic/attribute that can be measured
define INDICATORS
variables studied pointing to/reflecting abstract concepts
give examples of variables
age, income, social class, degree of prejudice
give examples of indicators
social class and power
define PRIMARY DATA
original data collected by researchers
give examples of primary data
- questionnaire/survey results
- observation notes
define SECONDARY DATA
data collected by another party
give examples of secondary data
- national census
- national poll data
define DATA ANALYSIS
organizing data to discover patterns and uniformities
define SERENDIPITY
unexpected findings
define GENERALIZATIONS
ability to draw conclusions from specific data and apply to population
define SAMPLE
any subset of population
define RANDOM SAMPLE
random subset of population