Chp 5 Integumentary System Flashcards
what does the integumentary system consist of?
skin and accessory structures
skin is made of _____ tissue types
all 4
Dermatology
specialty diagnosis and treatment of integumentary disorders
What two parts does the skin consist of?
Epidermis and Dermis
Epidermis is…
composed of?
it is _____
superficial, thin portion
epithelial tissue
avascular
Dermis is…
deeper, thicker portion
what is dermis composed of?
connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
whats embedded in the dermis?
accessory structures
what does accessory structures consist of?
hair, hair follicles, exocrine glands, nails
beneath two skin layers, and ____ apart of skin find ______ layer
not, subcutaneous layer
subcutaneous layer is also called ____ and _____
hypodermis, superficial fascia
What are 6 functions of skin and subcutaneous layer?
- protection
- excretion
- thermoregulation
- synthesis vitamin D
- storage
- cutaneous sensation
Calcitriol is…
hormone helps in calcium and phosphorous absorption from food in digestive system
Cutaneous Sensation is: ____, _____, _____, _____ receptors in skin relay info to _____ system
touch, pain, pressure, temperature, nervous
Epidermis consists of what kind of epithelial cells?
stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis transition of ____ cells at _____ layer to ____ cells near _____ surface
cuboidal, basal, flat, apical
What do epidermal cells rely on _____ to transport nutrients and oxygen from _____ in _____
diffusion, capillaries, dermis
Cells found near ____ surface of epidermis are most _______ active
basal, metabolically
superficial cells of epidermis near ____ surface either ____ or ____
apical, inert, dead
What four principle cell types does epidermis contain?
Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans Cells, Merkel Cells
Keratinocytes most _____ epithelial cells in body
abundant
Keratinocytes make lots of _____
keratin
Keratin is…
What does it protect from?
tough fibrous protein
heat, microbes, chemicals
Melanocytes make a pigment called _____
melanin
Melanin…
contributes to skin colour, absorb damaging ultra violet light
Langerhans cells are…
skin macrophages that contribute to immune response
Merkel cells are….
where are they located?
sensory cells
deepest layer of epidermis
Merkel cells attached to end ________, give us some of our sense of _____
sensory neurons, touch
What are two types of skin?
thin and thick
Thin skin is _____ layers of _____, covers most ______
4, keratinocytes, body surface
Thick skin is ____ layers of ____, covers ____ and _____
5, keratinocytes, palms of hands, soles of feet
What are 5 layers of epidermis?
- stratum basale (stratum germinative)
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
Stratum basale is found?
deepest layer of epidermal layer
Stratum basale contains? (3)
basal cells, melanocytes, Merkel cells,
Basal cells are?
stem cells with high mitotic rates
basal cells have ability to _____ into _____
differentiate, keratinocytes
Stratum Spinosum consists of? (2)
8-10 layers of living keratinocytes, langerhan cells
In stratum spinosum _____ are constantly pushed _____ as more keratinocytes produced in _______
keratinocytes, superficially, stratum basale
In Stratum Spinosum keratinocytes ____ more and more as _____ moves up
accumulate, keratin
Stratum Granulosum is?
3-5 cell layer thick
in stratum granulosum ____ eventually undergo ____
keratinocytes, apoptosis
Stratum Lucidum is found?
thick skin, glassy
Stratum Corneum consists of?
15-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes filled with keratin
in stratum corneum cells are surrounded by ___, which provide effective _______ _____
lipids, water-repellent barrier
in stratum corneum cells constantly ____ and replaced by _____ from ____ layers
shed, new cells, lower
Keratinization
formation fo superficial layers of cells filled with keratin
Callus is constant exposure to _____ and is thickening of stratum ______
friction, corneum
Psoriasis is?
Ichthyosis is?
skin generation takes 7-10 days instead of 2-4 weeks, generation is faster
cell generation produce normal rate, skin flaking slower
Psoriasis makes skin ____ and _____
flakey, scaly
colour of skin is result of _______ and ______ circulation
epidermal pigmentation, dermal blood
what three pigments are involved in skin colour?
Carotene
Melanin
Hemoglobin
Pigment is?
type of chemical has distinct colour
Carotene is?
yellow/orange normally accumulates in epidermal cells
Melanin is?
brown/black produced by melanocytes of stratus germinativum
Hemoglobin is?
red pigment in blood carries oxygen
hemoglobin appears ___ when carrying oxygen, and ____ when not carrying oxygen
red, blueish
the number of melanocytes is ____ in all people, but melanocytes produce _____ amounts of _____ in people
same, different, melanin
small amount of melanin =
pale yellow skin
large amount of melanin =
increase in skin darkness
exposure to ____ stimulates ____ production
UV radiation, melanin
Albinism is?
deficiency or inability to produce pigment melanin
people with albinism show ____ number of ____, but ____ is not produced
same, melanocytes, melanin
Cyanosis diagnosis colour?
What you see?
Example?
blue skin and nail beds
blood not properly oxygenated
shock, inadequate blood flow
Jaundice diagnosis colour?
what you see?
example?
yellow skin and eyes
bilirubin
liver disfunction
Bilirubin is?
yellow pigment, not being broken down properly by liver
Erythema diagnosis colour?
what you see?
example?
red
capillaries in skin fill with blood
burn, inflammation, allergy
Melasma example is _______ resulting from ______
hyper pigmentation, melanin production
Vitiligo is loss of _____ causing _____ patches
melanocytes, white
skin cancers example (2)
basal cell carcinoma, melanoma
UV radiation is damage to ____ and _____
DNA, fibroblasts
Rickets caused by ____ deficiency, resulting in ____ of bones from weight of _____
Vitamin D3, bending, body
Vitamin D3 sources:
- _____ causes _____ cells to convert ______ to ______
- cells in _____ convert steroid to _____ or Vitamin D3
- ____ converts cholecalciferol using intermediary product used by _____ to synthesize hormone ____ which is essential for ____ and _____ absorption in _____ intestine
- sunlight, epidermal, steroid, vitamin D3
- stratum spinosum/basale, cholecalciferol
- liver, kidney, calcitiriol, calcium, phosphorus, small
Pressure Ulcers caused by?
constant deficiency of blood flow to tissues
What are 2 major components of Dermis?
Papillary layer and reticular layer
Papillary Layer is?
contains ____ and _____
superficial layer
areola tissue, capillaries
Reticular Layer is?
Contains?
deeper layer
large amounts collagen and elastic fibres made by fibroblasts
Fibroblast
produces collagen and fibres
Wrinkles
collagen fibres decrease, elastic fibres lose elasticity
Stretch marks occur when skin is _____ over ____ period causing _____ to break down
stretched, long, elasticity
Subcutaneous Layer (SubQ) is ____ part of skin
not
Subcutaneous layer _____ position of skin
stabilizes
What do parts of SubQ layer contain?
large arteries and veins, large amounts adipose tissue
with age distribution of subcutaneous fat changes in response to ____ hormones
sex
