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Bio 156 > Chp 1 Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chp 1 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of body structures

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of how living organisms perform there functions

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3
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

examination of large structures eg. unaided eye

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4
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

study general form, surface structures

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5
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

anatomical organization of specific body areas

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6
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

looking at cell structure

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7
Q

2 types of microscopic anatomy?

A

cytology, histology

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8
Q

cytology

A

study of cell structure

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9
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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10
Q

cell physiology

A

study of cell function

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11
Q

systemic physiology

A

study of body systems

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12
Q

organ physiology

A

study of function of specific organ

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13
Q

pathophysiology

A

study of effects disease have on functions of body systems

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14
Q

structure related to ____

A

function

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15
Q

2 invasive techniques?

A

surgery, autopsy

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16
Q

Non Invasive Techniques (4)

A

Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation, Percussion

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17
Q

Inspection

A

observe body proportions, appearance, posture etc.

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18
Q

Palpation

A

feel body

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19
Q

Auscultation

A

listen to body

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20
Q

Percussion

A

tap body surface

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21
Q

What are 5 medical imaging techniques?

A

CT scan, Xray, MRI, PET scan, Ultrasound

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22
Q

CT scan name?

A

computed tomography

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23
Q

CT scan is a ____ xray, produces ___ ____ image, and is ____

A

moving, soft tissue, 3D

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24
Q

two ways CT scan can display images?

A

barium swallow, enema

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25
Q

X-ray is a ____ image, has high energy _____ that penetrates _____

A

2-D, radiation, tissues

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26
Q

Radiopacity

A

stop passage of X-ray

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27
Q

Radiopaque

A

absorbs x-ray well

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28
Q

PET Scan is when ____ emit ____ rays

A

tissues, gamma

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29
Q

Radionuclide

A

biologically active molecule

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30
Q

Ultrasound produces _______

A

sound waves

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31
Q

whats the level of body organization? ____ –> ____ –> ___ –> ____ –> ____ –> ____

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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32
Q

Catabolism is?

A

breakdown of complex molecules to simple molecules

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33
Q

Anabolism is?

A

building of complex molecules from simple molecules

34
Q

Characteristics of Living Human?

A
  • dna
  • growth
  • metabolism
  • respond to stimuli
  • differentiation
  • movement
  • reproduce
35
Q

Metabolism happens in two ways ____ or _____

A

catabolism, anabolism

36
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintain relatively constant internal environment

37
Q

Two types of Homeostasis are?

A

Extrinsic Regualtion, Autoregulation (Intrinsic Regulation)

38
Q

Extrinsic Regualtion happens in the ____ system and ____ system

A

nervous, endocrine

39
Q

When extrinsic regulation happens in nervous system response is ____ and outcome is _____

A

quick, short

40
Q

when extrinsic regulation happens in endocrine system response is ____ and outcome is ____

A

longer, longer

41
Q

Autoregulation is when?

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system adjusts in response to environmental change

42
Q

what are 3 components of feedback system?

A

receptor, control center, effector

43
Q

vasodilation

A

increase diameter of blood vessels

44
Q

Negative Feedback

A

reverse original stimulus and impose change to stimulus

45
Q

Positive Feedback

A

enhance original stimulus and exaggerate original stimulus

46
Q

example of negative feedback?

A

thermoregulation

47
Q

2 examples of positive feedback?

A

blood clotting, stretching of cervix

48
Q

homeostatic imbalance can = ____ or ____

A

disorder, disease

49
Q

what are two kinds of disease?

A

local, systemic

50
Q

local disease

A

limited region

51
Q

systemic disease

A

many parts, entire body

52
Q

symptoms are ______

A

not measurable

53
Q

signs are _____

54
Q

prone position

55
Q

supine position

56
Q

anatomical position

A

palms turned forward
subject stands facing observer
upper extremities at side
feet flat

57
Q

what are two body cavities

A

dorsal cavity, ventral body cavity

58
Q

what is the ventral body cavity divided by?

59
Q

what two cavities are in the ventral body cavity?

A

superior thoracic cavity, inferior abdominal pelvic cavity

60
Q

within inferior abdominal pelvic cavity there is _____ cavity and ____ cavity

A

superior abdominal, inferior pelvic

61
Q

within the superior thoracic cavity there is left and right ____ cavities

62
Q

separating the left and right ____ cavity is the ______

A

pleural, mediastinum

63
Q

Parietal Layer is lines?

A

lines walls of cavities

64
Q

Visceral Layer is where?

A

covers/adheres to organ

65
Q

What are the Body cavity membranes?

A
  1. Pleura
  2. Pericardial
  3. Peritoneal
66
Q

Pleura surrounds the ____

67
Q

Pericardial surrounds the ____

68
Q

Peritoneal surrounds the ____

A

serous membrane of abdominopelvic cavity

69
Q

what are two kinds of serous membrane? ____ and _____

A

parietal, visceral

70
Q

Visceral Pleura ____ to _____ of _____

A

clings, surface, lungs

71
Q

Parietal Pleura lines ______

A

thoracic cavity walls

72
Q

Visceral Pericardium ____ surface ____

A

covers, heart

73
Q

Parietal Pericardium lines _____ of _____

A

inner surface, sac

74
Q

Visceral Peritoneum covers __________

A

viscera abdominopelvic cavity

75
Q

Parietal Peritoneum lines ____ of ______

A

wall, abdominopelvic cavity

76
Q

Retroperitoneal is ______ peritoneal lining and ______ cavity

A

between, abdominal wall

77
Q

spiral CT Scan

A

higher quality image, less radiation emitted

78
Q

PET Scan name

A

positron emission tomography

79
Q

MRI name

A

magnetic resonance imaging

80
Q

MRI you are exposed to?

A

high energy magnetic field

Bio 156 (10 decks)

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