Chp 5 Accessory Structures/Inflammation Flashcards
Accessories of skin include?
hair, nails, glands
accessories of skin all derived from ____
epidermis
What is each hair composed of?
columns of dead, keratinized cells bounded with proteins
Hair consists of ____ and ____
shaft, root
Shaft is?
superficial portion
Root is?
deep portion, penetrates into dermis sometimes
what 3 concentric layers does hair consist?
- Inner Medulla
- Middle Cortex
- Outer Cuticle
Inner Medulla
flexible soft keratin, thin hair
Middle cortex contains?
thick layers hard keratin, hair colour
Outer cuticle is?
single layer of flat keratinized cells, thin
root of each hair is surrounded by _____ and has ____ at base
hair follicle, bulb
What does each hair follicle go through?
growth cycle
Growth cycle consists of ____ and ____, end of growth cycle called?
growing stage 2-5 years, resting stage 3 months, club cycle
Arrector Pili Muscle
bundle smooth muscle cells associated with bulb
Goose Bumps muscles contract pull _____ hair into perpendicular poison to skin surface
arrector pili, perpendicular, shaft
Nails
plates tightly packed, hard, keratinized epidermal cells
Nail Root
proximal portion buried in fold of skin
What do exocrine glands do?
secrete products on outer surface of body
What are 6 skin glands?
Sebaceous Glands Sudoriferous Glands Eccrine Sweat Glands Apocrine Sweat Glands Ceruminous Glands Mammary Glands
Sebaceous Glands secrete?
sebum mixture fat, cholesterol, proteins, salts, pheromones
What is sebum?
provides lubrication stops bacteria
Sebaceous glands secrete ____ directly into _____ or directly onto _____ surface
sebum, hair follicles, skin
Acne is?
bacterial inflammation of sebaceous glands
Sudoriferous Glands include?
what shape are these glands?
Eccrine Sweat Glands, Apocrine Sweat Glands
tubular
Eccrine Sweat glands secrete?
where do they secrete?
watery sweat some solutes
skin surface
Apocrine Sweat Glands secrete?
where does secrete?
watery substance with some lipids/proteins
hair follicles
Diaphoresis is?
excessive sweating due to heart attack or shock
Ceruminous Glands proudce?
Where does it empty?
waxy substance, cerumen
ear canal
Cerumen is?
mixture of sebum and wax
Mammary Glands produce?
produce milk
Inflammatory Response is?
is localized tissue response to injury
conditions associated with inflammation described using suffix ____
itis
what are 3 main purposes of inflammation?
- neutralize harmful agents
- limit spread harmful agents
- prepare damaged tissue for repair
what are cardinal sign in area injury/inflammation?
tumor rubor calor dalor functio laesa
tumor = \_\_\_\_ rubor = \_\_\_\_\_ calor = \_\_\_\_ dalor = \_\_\_\_ laesa functio = \_\_\_\_\_\_
swelling redness heat pain loss of function
what chemicals do damaged cells release? and in what phase of inflammation response?
prostaglandins, cytokines , inflammation
mast cells release? (3)
histamine, heparin, prostaglandins
what does histamine do?
increases capillary permeability and accelerate blood flow to affected areas
Prostaglandins help us feel ____
pain
Escharotomy
cutting of skin, relieve swelling in third degree burns (full thickness burns)
Rule of Nines
estimating burn area quickly, determines how much fluid someone needs
Head = __ %
9
Trunk = ___ %
36
Upper Limbs = ____% each limb is ____ %
18, 9
Lower Limbs = ____ % so each limb is ___ %
36 , 18
Permineum = ____ %
1
Autograph is…
skin taken from individual
Isograph is…
skin taken from identical twin
Split Thickness Graph is…
transplant epidermis and papillary epidermis layer
Full Thickness Graph is…
transplant epidermis, papillary, reticular layer taken from
Autologous Skin Graph is….
skin grown outside of body
Burn is…?
tissue damage caused by excessive heat
First Degree Burns involve?
characterized?
Epidermis
no blistering, redness
Second Degree Burn involves?
Characterized?
Epidermis maybe parts dermis
blisters, redness
Third Degree Burn involves?
characterized?
destroys epidermis, dermis, possibly SubQ
numb, skin function lost
What is Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection?
greenish area infected from burn
Third degree is over ___ % of body ____
10, surface
Second Degree is over ____ % of body ____
25, surface
What are 4 steps of Inflammation Response?
- Inflammation
- Migration
- Proliferation
- Scarring Phase
Inflammation: ____ begins and ____ cells trigger response and release ____ and ____ which aid in _____
bleeding, mast, histamine, heparin, blood clotting
Migration: ___ forms, ______ migrates to edge which forms ______ tissue which is _______ for blood clotting
scab, stratum basal, granulation, fibroblast
Proliferation: ____ dissolves
scab
Scarring Phase: ____ sheds and ____ may arise due to much _____
scab, keloid, fibrin
scab is made up of ___ and ____
fibrin, collagen
