Chp 2 Chemical Level Organization Flashcards
anion =
negative
cation =
positive
isotopes have ____ number of protons and ____ number of neutrons and admit ____
same, different, radiation
What are 4 chemical bonds?
Ionic Bond,
Covalent Bond,
Hydrogen Bond
Polar-Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond either ____ or _____ electrons
gains, gives up
Covalent Bond is _____ electrons and is ______
sharing, non-polar
Hydrogen Bonds are ____ water molecules
between
Polar Covalent Bond is ____ sharing of electrons
unequal
inorganic compounds ______
don’t contain carbon
organic compounds _____
contain carbon
inorganic compounds are made by ____ or ___ bonds
ionic, covalent
organic compounds are made by ____ bonds
covalent
Acid is more ____ than ____
H, OH
Base is more ____ than ____
OH, H
Acid adds ____ ions when dissociates
H
Base adds ____ ions when dissociates
OH
Carbonic Acid - Bicarbonate Buffer System
H2O + CO2 H2CO3 H + HCO3
H2CO3 =
carbonic acid
HCO3 =
bicarbonate acid
Buffer is a substance that ____ against a ____ change
protects, pH
Buffer removes ____ ions when to high, and replaces ___ ions when to low
H, H
macromolecules are ____ molecules
big
macromolecules include
lipids, protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acids
Monomers = ___, ____, __&____, ______
sugar, amino acid, glycerol & fatty acids, nucleotides
Polymers = ____, ____, ____, _____
carbohydrate, protein, lipids, nucleic acids (RNA/DNA)
monomer sugar = polymer
carbohydrate
monomer amino acid = polymer
protein
monomer glycerol & amino acid; fatty acid = polymer
lipids
monomer nucleotides = polymer
nucleic acids RNA/DNA
ATP is a _____ with ______
nucleotide, 3 phosphate
ATP is when ____ breaks off _____ energy
phosphate, releasing
glycogen is stored in ____ and used for ____
liver, ATP/ADP
Monosaccharides include
glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides include
sucrose, maltose, lactose
Polysaccharides include
starch, cellulose, glycogen
Triglyceride is made up of _____ and _____
3 fatty acid, glycerol
Triglyceride is deposited into ____ and used for ____
adipose. fat insulation
Fatty acid include ___ and ____
saturated, unsaturated
Saturated fatty acid has _____ bonds and _____
no double bonds, no bends
Unsaturated Fatty Acid has _____ bonds and _____
double, bends
Phospholipid is made up of a ____ and _____ and ____
glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate group
Phospholipids has a ____ head and a _____ tail
hydrophilic, hydrophobic
Enzyme 4 properties
- proteins
- catalysts cells
- name ends in “ase”
- regulated by cell
- ____ binds to ____ sight of enzyme 2. enzymes active sight are _____ to substrates
substrate, active, specific
Enzymes increase reaction by lowering ____ needed
energy
what does combining a carbohydrate and protein create?
glycoprotein
What makes up 96% of body?
HONC, Hydrogen Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
1, 2, 3, 4 bonds
What is Goiter?
iodine deficiency
if you gain electrons you become more ____ and if you lose electrons you become _____
negative, postive
Carboxyl Group does what?
attaches to fatty acid COOH
steroids have ____ structure
ring
Dehydration Synthesis
removes water
Hydrolysis
adds water
