CHP. 4 - Research Ethics

Question 1

Research Ethics

Answer 1

Application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics involving research

Question 2

Belmont Report Basic Principles

Answer 2

• Beneficience
• Justice
• Respect for Persons

Question 3

Beneficence

Answer 3

Do no harm
- protect participants & ensure well-being
- fidelity & responsibility
- integrity

Question 4

Justice

Answer 4

The balance between those who participate in research & those who benefit from it
- strive to treat all groups fairly
- must not further disadvantage an already disadvantaged group
- subgroup used in study most benefit from research

Question 5

Respect for Persons

Answer 5

Respect people’s rights & dignity
- privacy, informed consent
- children, people w/disabilities, prisoners

Question 6

Data Fabrication

Answer 6

When researchers invent data that fit their hypothesis

Question 7

Data Falsification

Answer 7

When researchers influence a study’s results by influencing subjects to change behavior or deleting observations from a data set

Question 8

Deception

Answer 8

Allows for it regarding the goals of the study, but not the risks
- subjects must be debriefed after experiment

Question 9

Institutional Oversight (IACUC) for animal research

Answer 9

• As few subjects as possible
• Humane housing
• Careful attention to health & welfare
• Minimization of discomfort & stress

Question 10

Animal Care Guidelines (3 R’s)

Answer 10

• Replacement (should find alternatives to animals if possible)
• Reduction (fewest # possible)
• Refinement (can modify experimental procedures to reduce stress)