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My Book Notes > Chp 4 > Flashcards

Chp 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Wrote about Sherlock Holmes credited with first suggesting to investigators that physical objects at a crime scene could be used to identify,exclude, & prove guilt of a suspect

A

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

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2
Q

Objects that are undetectable with the unaided eye

A

Trace evidence

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3
Q

Pioneered many of the trace evidence procedures

A

Paul Kirk 1902-1970

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4
Q

Any object that causes an image of itself by penetrating another object or surface area
Foot print tire tracks

A

Impression evidence

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5
Q

Bloody urine and semen sweat and mucus

A

Biological evidence

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6
Q

Paper or electronic contracts wills checks and other Currency

A

Document evidence

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7
Q

Physical evidence is ability to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a specific individual committed a specific criminal act

A

Identifications

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8
Q

At least two pieces of class evidence and at least one piece of individualized evidence equals

A

Identification

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9
Q

What individual pieces of evidence have in common

A

Class characteristics

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10
Q

Every contact leaves a trace

A

Locates exchange principal

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11
Q

A process involving an unwanted transfer of physical material to a piece of evidence

A

Cross-contamination

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12
Q

Primary purpose of comparison samples is to determine the origin of an unknown piece of evidence

A

Question evidence

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13
Q

Materials taken from a verifiable source which one compared with evidence of an unknown source shown an association between the crime scene and or the fender and victim

A

Standard or reference samples

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14
Q

Uncontaminated samples compared to contaminated.

Ex: linoleum flooring that was not burned compared to a burnt section

A

Control samples

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15
Q

Fingerprints medical emergency personnel to be eliminated from scene

A

Elimination samples

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16
Q

Written record that documents the handling of any physical evidence from the time it was collected at the crime scene

A

Chain of custody

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17
Q 
Collected
Identified
Packaged
Documented
Transported
Stored
A

Evidence collection process

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18
Q

ALS

Fls

A

Alternate light sources

Forensic light sources

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19
Q

One of few types of evidence that can precisely identify an individual

A

Fingerprints

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20
Q

Impressions left by raise portions of skin on the palm side of the fingerprint

A

Friction ridges

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21
Q

The specific length size and patterns of these ridges which differ among all persons

A

Minutiae

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22
Q

Class Characteristics of each fingerprint

A

Arches
Loops
Whorls

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23
Q

Appearance of friction ridges that resemble rolling hills without the presence of a defined center or core Least common and prevalent in African-American

A

Arches

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24
Q

Loops begin and end in the direction of the thumb

A

Radial loop

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25
Q

Prints that begin and end in the direction of a little finger

A

Ulnar loop

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26
Q

Most common
2nd common
Least common

A

Loops and are most prevalent in Caucasian
Whorls
Arches most common in African American

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27
Q

Well defined center or core formed by friction ridges that resemble a series of tightly wound loops

A

Loops

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28
Q

A series around friction ridges graduating from small to large with a well-defined center or core resemble the inside of an onion

A

Whorls

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29
Q

Categories of prints

A

Visible prints paint blood
Plastic prints gum soap
Latent prints most common

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30
Q

The primary role to always remember when collecting fingerprint evidence

A

Photograph before doing anything!

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31
Q

Hard and non-porous surfaces

A 
Powder developers used 
Metal 
Tile
Glass
Plastic
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32
Q

Soft and porous surfaces

A

Chemical developers are used
Cloth
Paper or cardboard

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33
Q

Iodine fuming

A

Can be used on most surfaces but best on paper

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34
Q

Ninhydrin

A

Works well on paper and finished wood

Turns bluish purple color in approximately 2-3 hours

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35
Q

Ruvis

A

Reflected ultra-violet imaging system

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36
Q

General rule of application which do you use first

A

Iodine fumy use first because it does not permanently alter the print

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37
Q

Solution capable of developing prints on wet services, developed in gray color tones, once dried prints developed with small-particle reagent form a whitish colored print

A

Small particle reagent

38
Q

Applied to nonporous waxy your greasy metal or glass services milk cartons or interior of latex gloves and candles, produce a dark blue/black print

A

Sudan black

39
Q

Prints left in bloody services or by bloody fingers on clean surfaces will produce a visible dark purple impression, similar results can also be obtained with ninhydrin

A

Leuco crystal violet

40
Q

Reacts with proteins in blood to produce a dim white flourescence on prints that contain traces of blood, reactions can be produced by agents other than blood such as ones that contain vegetable proteins or bleach products

A

Luminol

41
Q

Produces the same affect as luminal but can work much longer without a repeat application and can be visualized well with UV or other ALS lighting

A

Flourescein

42
Q

Enhances bloody finger prints and florescence is in the presence of UV or ALS lighting pretty

A

Acid fuchsin

43
Q

Latent prints on the sticky side of adhesive tape labels or stamps can be recovered using this method, The process involves applying the developer usually and paste form to the adhesive service and then rinsing the service with water. Within minutes a dark image of the latent print appears.

A

Sticky side powder

44
Q

Can be applied to the adhesive side of all types to produce a developed bluish/purple print

A

Crystal violet

45
Q

Extremely difficult to recover latent prints from skins surfaces, using this method on the surface of the skin to identify the print and then captured by transferring to print to a chemically treated metal sheet is one method that has proven effective

A

Iodine fuming

46
Q

This method has also been proven to recover latent prints from skin or nonliving tissues

A

Super glue fuming

47
Q

Can be applied in an attempt to develop latent fingerprints on skin as well as other surfaces contain traces of blood leaving a dark blue/black developed print

A

Amido black

48
Q

What is the general rule of order for chemical developing methods used

A

Iodine fuming
Ninhydrin
Silver nitrate
Super glue fuming

49
Q

Used in wet surfaces

A

Small particle reagent

50
Q

Used on waxy or greasy nonporous surfaces

A

Sudan black

51
Q

Used on bloody surfaces

A

Leuco crystal violet
Luminol
Flurescein
Acid fuchsin

52
Q

Used on sticky surfaces

A

Sticky-side powder

Crystal violet

53
Q

Used on skin surfaces

A

Iodine fuming
Super glue fuming
Amido black

54
Q

Can lift does prints from nearly any hard flat surface as well as irregular soft services such as carpet and fabric

A

Electrostatic dust print lifter

55
Q

A colored or clear sheet with a low adhesive gelatin surface that adheres to dust particles or other trace materials composing foot shoe tire or other prints

A

Gel print lifter

56
Q

Photography techniques

A 
35 mm mounted on tripod
Black and white color can be used
Scale and tape measure
Mount directly over evidence 
Minimum of 4 photos of each evidence
Take picture at 45 degree angle or less
For tire impression every 2ft with 20% overlap
57
Q

Casting impression

A

1lb dental stone to 6 oz of water
Pour mixture from a height not more than 2-3 inches
Overall thickness of 3/4 inches
Cast takes roughly 20-30 longer setting for cold weather

58
Q

Reveal class characteristics such as the size and shape of the two

A

Striation marks

59
Q

What are the three specific areas of ballistics examination

A

Internal- explosive discharge of the cartridge within the gun
External - the bullet leaving the gun barrel and its trajectory space
Terminal- the bullet striking a surface and/or coming to a place of rest

60
Q

The key to determining the specific identity of a fire arm lies in the detail examination of it’s __________ characteristic

A

Rifiling

61
Q

Most firearms(excluding ___________) contain ___________, which is composed of raised and recessed surfaces inside the barrel known as ___________ and __________.

A

Shotguns
Rifling
Lands and grooves

62
Q

Random Micro scopic scratches

A

Striation marks

63
Q

A chemical agent

A

Accelerant

64
Q

The propensity to be lost through evaporation

A

Volatility

65
Q

Collecting blood evidence

Wet blood

A

Use cotton swabs

Refrigerate or freeze

66
Q

Collecting blood evidence

Dry blood

A

Scrape with a clean knife into paper packet
Tape lift
Cut out areas

67
Q

Two types of presumptive test can be applied to either wet or dry blood

A

1st apply a chemical known as chromogen

2nd involves fluorescent light production

68
Q

Other presumptive tests with in the first

A

Lmg(leucomalachite green) also known as hemident turns yellow to green
Kastle-meyer(km) test phenolphthalein is used in this test and turns pink when it is blood
Leuco crystal violet also used for enhancing blood prints

69
Q

Blood spatter evidence is useful to for determining two things

A

1) The position and location of the offender relative to the victim
2) Number of times the offender wounded the victim and method of attack

70
Q

This type of splatter is usually created by natural forces of gravity and is usually evidence as blood droplets falling to the ground

A

Low velocity spatter

71
Q

She points radiating away from the drop

A

Spine

72
Q

Curving patterns at the drops edge

A

Scallops

73
Q

Small droplets near the edge of the drop

A

Satellites

74
Q

At Heights greater than ___________the size of blood droplets will remain the same regardless of how far they fall

A

7ft

75
Q

Ones cause by blunt force trauma such as kicking punching striking or stabbing leave these type patterns behind

A

Medium velocity spatter

76
Q

This type of spatter is typically caused by gunshot wound

A

High velocity spatter

77
Q

Consistent with high velocity spatter

Blood is forced in the direction opposite to a bullet entering the body has a maximum travel between ________and ________feet

A

Backward spatter

2&4 ft

78
Q

Consistent with high velocity spatter

Blood projected from wounds or bullets exit the body

A

Forward spatter

79
Q

The approximate location within the crime scene where the bleeding injury took place

A

Point of origin

80
Q

Point of origin for
low velocity
Medium velocity

A

Where the blood pools where the wounding occurs

Formed on walls, floors, and ceilings

81
Q

The classification and individualization of criminal evidence relating to human teeth and bite marks

A

Forensic odontology

82
Q

Within how many hours does the photograph of bite marks need to be done

A

Within 8 hrs

83
Q

These are made from casting the suspects dental impressions may all be used to compare bite marks obtain from suspects and victims

A

Bite exemplars

84
Q

These indicate the direction of impact

A

Waller lines or rib marks

85
Q

Form in a spoke like pattern extending away from the entry/ exit pool or point of contact

A

Radial fracture

86
Q

Form in a circular pattern around the entry /exit hole or point of contact.
Exhibit perpendicular remarks on the side of the glass

A

Concentric fracture

87
Q

When lights are on the hot filament is flexible and generally will remain intact upon impact and bend in the direction of impact

A

Hot shock

88
Q

Cold filaments on the other hand tend to break upon impact

A

Cold shock

89
Q

Occurs when two painted objects strike and deposit residue on each other

A

Cross transfer

90
Q

This device enables questioned documents examiners to employ both standard and alternate light sources so that alterations to both signatures and documents can be readily visualized and photographed

A

Vsc video spectral comparator

91
Q

Can be used to visualize indented writing on paper

A

Esda-electrostatic detection apparatus

My Book Notes (11 decks)

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