Chp 26 Digestive system and nutrition Flashcards
What is a suspension feeder?
extract and consume food particles that are suspended in water (sea anemones)
What is a substrate feeder?
Line in or on their food source (earthworms)
What are fluid feeders?
Feed by sucking liquid from a living host (butterflies, mosquitoes)
What are bulk feeders?
They ingest large pieces of food
What are the four stages of food processing?
ingestion, digestion, absoption, elimination
What is the basic gist of chemical digestion? what occurs?
Polymers are broken down into monomers through hydrolyses
What is the gastrovascular cavity?
A sac found in simpler animals with one opening, both the mouth and the anus
What is the alimentary canal?
A tube running between 2 opening (mouth to butt)
What is the crop?
Pouch that softens and stores food pre-digestion
What is a gizzard?
A muscular, thick walled part of a birds stomach designed for grinding up food
What are the four main functions of the digestive system?
Motility movement of materials through GI tract by ingestion- chewing-pushing into pharynx by tongue- perstalsis
Secretion (includes exocrine and endochrine secretions
degiestion
absorption
What is the difference between endochrine and exochrine reactions?
Endochrine glands secrete their products in the blood (adrenaline)
exochrine secretes its products to the target tissue (digestive enzymes, bicarbonate)
Which organ produces Bile?
The liver
Where is Bile stored?
gallbladder
What does the pancreas empty into small intestine?
Digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution (bicarbonate) to neutralize acid chime
What is the purpose of bile?
Emulsifies fat droplets
What are the three regions of the small intestine?
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
What are some characteristics of the duodenum?
shortest segment of small intestine
begins at pyloric sphincter
mixes contents and secretions from pancreas and liver
What is the function of the jejunum
chemical digestion and absorption
what is the function of the ileum?
absorption
what is the lining of the small intestine made of/ characteristics?
folds, villi and microvilli
lots of surface area to increase nutrient absorption
What is lymph?
fatty acids and glycerol recombined into fats and transported into lymph vessels
how is blood transported between intestines and liver?
blood travels from intestines to liver via hepatic portal vein
How does nutrients get converted into energy once inside the cells?
They are oxidized by cellular respiration to generate energy in the form of atp
What are the 4 classes of essential nutrients?
- Esential fatty acids
- essential amino aacids
- Minerals
- Vitamins
what 3 elements are carbs made of?
oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon
Fibre is a carbohydrate that cannot _____
be digested
What are the benefits of fibre?
- normalizes bowel movements
- lowers cholesterol
- controls blood sugar levels by slowing absorption of sugar
what is the Glycemic index?
measures how mast and how far blood sugar levels will rise after eating carbohydrates
What is the difference between good and bad cholesterol?
high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol
