Chapter 4 Cell Structure

Question 1

Why are cells small instead of large?

Answer 1

many small cells= more surface area

Question 2

Every cell has (4)

Answer 2

Plasma membrane (barrier)
chromosomes (store DNA)
ribosomes (make proteins)
cytoplasm (interior of cell)

Question 3

What are the two major types of cells

Answer 3

Prokaryote (small, simple, bacteria)

Eukaryotic (has a nucelus, more complex, larger)

Question 4

Where is DNA contained within prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Nuceloid region

Question 5

How do prokaryotes move around?

Answer 5

Pili or flagella or something like that

Question 6

What organelles or features are present in Animal cells but not plant cells?

Answer 6

• Lysosomes
• Centrioles
• Flagella

Question 7

What organelles or features are present in plant cells but not animal cells

Answer 7

• Chloroplasts
• Rigid cell wall
• Central vacuole

Question 8

What is the plasma membrane made of?

Answer 8

a phospholipid bilayer

Question 9

What are some characteristics of the plasma membrane?

Answer 9

• responsible for transport of molecules
• many cell reactions take place here
• proteins, cholesterol and phospholipics

Question 10

The nucleus is seperated from the cytoplasm by the _______

Answer 10

Nuclear envelope

Question 11

What is the name of the region where ribosomal DNA is synthesized?

Answer 11

Nucleolus

Question 12

In what form is DNA stored in Nucleus?

Answer 12

DNA +proteins +chromatin

Chromatin condenses to from chromosomes

Question 13

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 13

Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis

Question 14

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 14

It is a collection of membranous organelles

Question 15

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

continuous membrane with nuclear envelope

Question 16

What is the function of the rough ER?

Answer 16

Manufactures more membrane

Question 17

whar is the function of smooth ER?

Answer 17

synthesizes lipids

stores calcium

Question 18

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 18

Receive and modify products from the ER and send these products onto other organeelles (primarily deals with proteins)

Question 19

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 19

Hydrolyzes proteins, fats, polysaccarides, and nucleic acids, pumps H+ into lumen tomaintain pH

Question 20

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 20

lysosomal and storage functions

some digest materials (food vacuoles)

Question 21

What organelle is the site of celliular respiration?

Answer 21

mitochondra

Question 22

What is the function of the Mitochondira?

Answer 22

-harvests chemical energy from frood and stores it as ATP

Question 23

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 23

Peroxisomes have two functions: break down fatty acids to be used for forming membranes and as fuel for respiration; and transfer hydrogen from compounds to oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide and then convert hydrogen peroxide into water. They protect the cell by containing these potentially harmful reactions

Question 24

What two structures are responsible for cell support, movement, and communications

Answer 24

cytoskeleton

cell-cell junctions

Question 25

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 25

• Establishes and maintains cell shape
• Provides mechanical strength
• locomotion
• chromosome seperation during cell division
• intracellular transport of organelles

Question 26

What 3 types of fibres is the cytoskeleton composed of?

Answer 26

• Microfilaments: made of actin, enable cells to change shape and move
• Intermediate filaments: reinforce cell and anchor certain organelles
• Microtubules: give cell rigidity, provide anchors, acts as tracks for organelle movement

Question 27

What is the function of cilia or flagella

Answer 27

Locomotion that protude from some cells (sperm)

Question 28

What makes locomotor appendages move?

Answer 28

When microtubules bend

Question 29

What is the extracellular matrix made of in animal cells?

Answer 29

Glycoprotein