Ch. 1 Exploring Biology

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

A section of a chromosome which is made up of DNA. Each one codes for a specific characteristic.

Question 2

What is DNA?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Double helix strand. DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins, which are the complex molecules that do most of the work in our bodies

Question 3

What is a chromosome? how many does the average person have?

Answer 3

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. 46 chromosomes per person in each cell

Question 4

What are the 7 emergent properties necessary to deem something living?

Answer 4

Order, growth and development, reproduction, energy processing, response to environment, regulation, evolutionaryadaptation

Question 5

What is the lowest level of the life herarchy that counts as living?

Answer 5

cells.

Question 6

what is the difference between community and population? which is higher on the hierarchy?

Answer 6

Population: individuals of a species in a specific area. community: entire array of organisms in a particular ecosystem. community is higher

Question 7

What is cell theory?

Answer 7

All living things consist of cells and all cells are derived from pre existing cells

Question 8

Cell structure is highly connected to _______

Answer 8

Cell functiom

Question 9

Which type of cell has a nucleus?

Answer 9

Eukaryiotic

Question 10

Which type of cell is larger?

Answer 10

Eukaryotes

Question 11

What are some commonalities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 11

• Both have plasma membranes
• the ability to store and transmit information
• Ability to harness energy from the environment

Question 12

_____ –> _______–> Protein.

What two words are missing and describe this process

Answer 12

Dna transcribed into RNA which is then translated in proteins

Question 13

Life on earth is monophyletic. What does this mean?

Answer 13

We all share a common ancestor

Question 14

When cells divide they pass on _____ information to the new cell

Answer 14

hereditary

Question 15

What are the three domains? Name some properties of each

Answer 15

Bacteria: Prokaryotes, diverse, widespread
Archaea: prokaryotes, live in extreme conditions (volcanos)
Eukarya: Eukaryotes, incluces single celled organisms.

Question 16

What are 6 limits of scientific testing?

Answer 16

• controls cannot always be used
• ethics
• there are limits to answerable questions (is there a god? do owls exist?)
• devoid of moral content (anything that starts with should)
• many questions lay outside the realm of science

Question 17

How is technology different than science

Answer 17

The goal of science is to understand natural phenomena, the goal of tech is to apply scientic knowledge for a specific purpose.

Question 18

A hypothesis is a ?

Answer 18

Tentative answer to a well framed, testable question

Question 19

Whats the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in scientific context

Answer 19

A theory is broader in scope, generally widely accepted, large amount of evidence

Question 20

Why would two species have similar traits?

Answer 20

Convergent evolution. We all evolved from same ancestor but also with different lineages

Question 21

From smallest to largest, what is the structural hiarchy from life (12)

Answer 21

Atom- molecule- organelle-cell-tissue-organ- organ system- organism- population-community- ecosystem-biosphere

Question 22

what does regulation mean?

Answer 22

An organisms ability to control its internal envirnment within limits that sustain life

Question 23

What is evolutionary adaptation?

Answer 23

Adaptaitions evolve over many generations as individuals with traits best suited to teir environmentd have greater reproductive sucess and pass their traits to offspring

Question 24

What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?

Answer 24

A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable. This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements.