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Community Health > Chp 20 Disasters > Flashcards

Chp 20 Disasters Flashcards

Exam 4 (Final)

1
Q

Agencies/Organizations -Disaster Management

What are the orgs/agencies (Hint: There are 8):

A

Red Cross

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

WHO’s Emergency Relief Operations

Pan American Health Organization

Doctors Without Borders

International Medical Corps

Operation Blessing

Military

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2
Q

American Red Cross Disaster Relief:

What does the Red Cross respond to?

A

From small house fires to multi-state natural disasters, the American Red Cross responds, so people can have clean water, safe shelter and hot meals when they need them most.

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3
Q

American Red Cross Disaster Relief:

How many disasters do they respond to every year?

A

The Red Cross responds toan average of more than 60,000 disasters every year

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4
Q

American Red Cross Disaster Relief:

What percent are volunteers?

A

95%of disaster relief workers are volunteers

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5
Q

Emergencies and Disasters

What are emergencies considered?

A

Emergencies are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources.

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6
Q

Emergencies and Disasters

What are disasters?

A

Disasters are often unforeseen, serious, and unique events that disrupt essential community services and cause human morbidity and mortality. Effects may be long-lasting.

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7
Q

Emergencies and Disasters:

What do disasters require?

A

Require considerable resources.

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8
Q

Emergencies and Disasters:

How long are effects of disasters?

A

Effects may be long-lasting.

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9
Q

Disasters:

What do they vary by?

A

Type

Onset

Duration

Magnitude or scope

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10
Q

Disasters:

Types of disasters include:

A

Natural

Accidental

Man-made

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11
Q

Disaster Management:

What are the phases?

A

Preimpact

Impact

Post-impact

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12
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

A

Prevention

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

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13
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

Prevention: What should identified? What should be developed?

A

Identify community risk factors

Develop and implement prevention programs

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14
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

Preparedness:

A

Improve community and individual reaction/responses to minimize effects of disasters

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15
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

Response: What occurs?

A

Rescue,

triage,

on-site stabilization,

transportation of victims,

and treatment at local hospitals

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16
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

Recovery: What occurs?

A

Repair,

rebuild,

or relocate,

and restore health and economic vitality to the community

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17
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

A

Causation

Casualties

Scope

Intensity

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18
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Causation:

A

Natural or man-made

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19
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Casualties

A

Number of human beings injured or killed by or as a direct result of an incident

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20
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Casualties: What is considered a multiple-casualty incident?

A

Multiple-casualty incident: >2 but <100

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21
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Casualties: What is considered a Mass-casualty incident?

A

Mass-casualty incident: >100

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22
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Scope

A

Range of its effect, either geographically or in terms of the number of victims

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23
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Intensity

A

The level of destruction and devastation it causes

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24
Q

Victims of Disaster

What are the groups?

A

Direct victims

Indirect victims

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25
Q

Victims of Disaster

Direct victims: WHo are they?

A

: survivors and fatalities

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26
Q

Victims of Disaster

Direct victims: : survivors and fatalities

Who does this include?

A

Displaced persons - usually temporary

Refugees

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27
Q

Victims of Disaster

Indirect victims:

Who does this include?

A

Indirect victims: relatives or friends of direct victims

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28
Q

Factors Contributing to the Potential for Disaster

A

Host factors:

Agent factors:

Environmental factors

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29
Q

Factors Contributing to the Potential for Disaster

Host Factors include:

A

Age,

general health,

mobility,

psychological factors,

and socioeconomic factors

30
Q

Factors Contributing to the Potential for Disaster

Agent factors include:

A

Natural or technologic element that causes the disaster

31
Q

Factors Contributing to the Potential for Disaster

Environmental factors include:

A

Those that could potentially contribute to or mitigate a disaster

32
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles (Prevention):

Includes?

A

Disaster Prevention

Disaster Preparedness

33
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles (Prevention)

Disaster Prevention:

A

Primary level

Secondary level

Tertiary level

34
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles (Prevention)

Disaster Preparedness

A

Disaster planning; personal preparation; assessment for risk factors and disaster history

Establishing authority, communication, and transportation

Mobilizing, warning, and evacuating

35
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles

Disaster Prevention: Primary Prevention

A

Primary prevention
Community surveillance;

signs of possible terrorist activity

36
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles

Disaster Prevention: What is secondary prevention?

A

Preparation for safe action,

quick information access,

and resource use;

ensuring current disaster plan

37
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles

Disaster Prevention: What is tertiary prevention?

A

Response to terroristic acts:

direct care;

dealing with groups,

families including the aftermath

38
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles (Impact)

includes:

A

Responding to disaster

Supporting recovery

39
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles (Impact)

includes: Responding to disaster

A

Rescue

Triage immediate treatment and support

Care of bodies; family notification

40
Q

Community Health Nurse Roles (Impact)

includes: Supporting recovery

A

Long-term treatment

Long-term support

Need for self-care (critical incident stress debriefing [CISD])

41
Q

Psychological Consequences

A

Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

42
Q

Psychological Consequences:

Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

What is needed?

A

Education, screening, assessment, and referral by CHN

43
Q

Psychological Consequences:

Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Education, screening, assessment, and referral by CHN

Primary prevention:

A

Primary prevention: resilience

44
Q

Psychological Consequences:

Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Education, screening, assessment, and referral by CHN

Secondary prevention:

A

Secondary prevention: crisis intervention

45
Q

Psychological Consequences:

Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Education, screening, assessment, and referral by CHN

Tertiary prevention:

A

Tertiary prevention: referral for treatment

46
Q

What can reduce the impact on the community?

A

Although disasters do not occur with frequency, planning with vulnerability assessment can reduce the impact on the community

47
Q

Preparedness

includes?

A

Identification of hazards

Analysis of vulnerability

Assessment of risk

National Response Framework (Federal Emergency Management Agency)

48
Q

National Response Framework

A

Plan

Organize, Train and Equip

Exercise

Evaluate and improve

49
Q

Point-of-Distribution Plans:

Where do all responses begin?

A

All responses begin at the local level, where the disaster management plan is implemented, and responders are deployed.

50
Q

MRC and CERT Groups

What do they do?

A

Mitigation

Response

Field triage

Recovery

51
Q

Terrorism:

What is it?

A

Unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, civilian populations, to advance political or social objectives (U.S. FBI)

52
Q

Terrorism

Agents for terrorism

A

Bioweapons/Bioterrorism (mustard gas and anthrax)

Nuclear agents

Chemical warfare

53
Q

Levels of Prevention Applied to Terrorism

Primary prevention

A

Alert to signs of possible terrorist activity

Knowledge base of terrorism pathogens or chemical weapons

54
Q

Levels of Prevention Applied to Terrorism

Secondary prevention

A

Be prepared to act safely, access information rapidly, and use resources effectively

55
Q

Levels of Prevention Applied to Terrorism

Tertiary prevention

A

Provide direct care to victims, to volunteer as a hospital–community liaison, make home visits to affected families, serve on committees responding to terrorist acts

56
Q

Bioterrorism

What can it result in?

A

Result in high mortality rates

57
Q

Bioterrorism

Categories of bioterrorism agents: How are they?

A

Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person

58
Q

Bioterrorism

What do they have a potential for?

A

Have the potential for major public health impact

59
Q

Bioterrorism

What may they cause?

A

Might cause public panic and social disruption and require special action for public health preparedness

60
Q

Bioterrorism Agents include?

A

Anthrax

Botulism

Plague

Smallpox

Tularemia

Viral hemorrhagic fevers

Ebola precautions

61
Q

Chemical Disasters

How do they differ from biologic agents?

A

Unlike biologic agents, which require an incubation period before symptoms appear

62
Q

Chemical Disasters

What is it?

A

Unlike biologic agents, which require an incubation period before symptoms appear,

a chemical agent, when released, makes its presence known immediately through observation (explosion), self‐admission (accidental), or the occurrence of rapidly emerging symptoms, such as burns, difficulty breathing, or convulsions.

63
Q

Role of Nurses in a Chemical Disaster

Evaluating factors include:

A

Hazardous material

Population at risk

Time span

Current and predicted weather conditions

Ability to communicate emergency information

64
Q

Evacuation

When is shelter in place used?

A

Shelter in place is used for short‐duration incidents, when moving would result in a greater hazard or it is impractical to evacuate.

65
Q

Evacuation

When does evacuation occur?

A

Evacuation occurs when there is potential for massive explosions and fire as well as for long‐duration events.

66
Q

Evacuation

When does invacuation occur?

A

Invacuation occurs when people in a hospital or residential facility are moved to another floor or area within the facility.

67
Q

Radiologic Disasters

Health outcome depends on the following:

A

Amount or dose of radiation absorbed
Type of radiation
Route of exposure
Length of time exposed

68
Q

Blast Injuries

A

Explosions in confined spaces cause higher morbidity and mortality.

69
Q

Blast Injuries:

How is communication with victims?

A

Communication with victims may be difficult due to sudden temporary deafness.

70
Q

Blast Injuries:

What are many injuries due to?

A

Many injuries are due to flying debris.

71
Q

Blast Injuries:

What is there an increased chance of?

A

Open wounds have increased chance to become infected.

72
Q

Blast Injuries:

What should not be delayed? How are assessments?

A

Triage and lifesaving efforts should not be delayed.

assessments should be focused.

Community Health (16 decks)

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