Chapter 4: Global Health Flashcards
Exam 1
What does global health consist of? How is it best addressed?
Global health consists of health issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries and may best be addressed by cooperative actions and solutions.
What is health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What does global health encompass?
Global health encompasses the behavioral and environmental risk factors of a community, which are influenced by politics, economics, and culture.
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: What is this?
Factors that affect outcomes of health status, such as:
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH:
Factors that affect outcomes of health status, such as:
physical environment, social environment, health behaviors, and individual health, as well as broader factors such as access to health services and overall health policies and interventions
What is an epidemiologic transition?
A. High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth
B. Improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease
C. Decline in mortality and later decline in fertility
D. High and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine
D. High and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITIONS:
What are examples?
High and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine.
Progressive declines in mortality, as epidemics become less frequent
Further decline in mortality, increasing life expectancy, predominance of noncommunicable diseases
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONS:
What are there increases in?
High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth
Increase in relative proportion of elderly population
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONS:
What are there improvements in?
Improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONS:
What are there declines in?
Decline in mortality and later decline in fertility
WOMEN, POVERTY, AND HEALTH
Just read this:
Unequal power relationships between women and men
Social norms that decrease education and paid employment opportunities for women
Exclusive focus on women’s reproductive roles
Potential or actual experience of physical, sexual, and emotional violence
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE:
What are there risks to?
Risks to health and health outcomes in different demographic populations and social settings
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE:
How is the burden of disease growing? What is it effected by?
The burden of disease is growing disproportionately in the world and is largely affected by climate, public policy, age of the population, socioeconomic conditions, and risk factors
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE
What else is included?
Noncommunicable diseases
Impact of disease burden
FACTORS AFFECTING GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE:
Risk factors
Childhood and maternal malnutrition
Other nutrition-related risk factors and inactivity
Additive substances
Sexual and reproductive health
Environmental risks
OTHER FACTORS THAT AFFECT GLOBAL HEALTH
Political
Economic
Sociodemographic
Health worker migration- some of the first people to leave poor places are educated
DECLARATION OF ALMA ATA
Governments have a responsibility to promote the health of their citizens by providing adequate health and social services
DECLARATION OF ALMA ATA: What did it recognize the concept of?
Recognize the concept of primary health care
Authority for directing and coordinating international health within the United Nations’ system
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO): What did it establish?
Establishes health guidelines and standards
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO): Who do they collab with? What do they promote?
Collaborates with countries to address public health issues
Promotes research
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
A universal set of goals, targets, and indicators that the United Nations to frame their agenda and political policies through 2030
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
What are examples of noncommunicable diseases?
Including obesity, cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic respiratory disease
