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Social Psych > CHP 2 The self > Flashcards

CHP 2 The self Flashcards

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1
Q

Self Concept

A

who we believe we are
a bunch of self schemas
total organized body of information a person has about themselves

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2
Q

Self Schema

A

individual beliefs about oneself
used to recognize and interpret stimuli in social environment

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3
Q

Working Self Concept

A

What are you thinking about right now?
schemas that are currently active

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4
Q

Collectivism/collectivist

A
  • thinking of yourself in terms of others
  • interdepedent self construal
  • self dependency on others
  • external roles/features of ourselves
  • other people help figure out who you are
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5
Q

Individualism/Individualistic

A
  • think of themselves as their own people
  • setting yourself apart from others
  • independet self construal
  • internal abilities (thoughts and feelings)
  • Being unique, expressing ones own goals

more common in united states

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6
Q

What are the 3 functions of self?

A
  1. organizational
  2. emotional
  3. Executive
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7
Q

describe this function of self

organizational

A

focus on schemas
helps you organize info in world
paying attention to things that are ‘schematic’ to you
filter for environment

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8
Q

describe this function of self

emotional

A
  • self helps you determine emotional responses to things
  • self discrepancy theory (higgins)
  • social situations cue different thoughts
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9
Q

Self discrepancy theory

A

actual self = who you believe you are
ideal self = who you wish to be
ought self = who you should be

under ‘emotional’ function of self

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10
Q

describe this function of self

executive

A
  • you are the CEO of yourself
  • you regulate your behavior/plans long term
  • how much can you control yourself?
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11
Q

Baumeister experiment

A

the self is a muscle

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12
Q

where do we get out self knowledge?

Cooley, looking glass self theory 1902

A

others reflect who we are
we are who others say we are

collectivist view

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13
Q

where do we get out self knowledge?

Mead 1934

A
  • we are how we perceive others to perceive us
  • act how we believe others think of us

collectivist

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14
Q

where do we get out self knowledge?

Festinger 1954, Social Comparison Theory

A
  • we learn about ourselves by comparing ourselves to others
  • downward - comparing ourselves to people who we know arent as good as us
  • upward - comparing ourselves to people who are above us/aspire to be like
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15
Q

where do we get out self knowledge?

Ourselves

A
  • self focusing cue = a trigger that makes you think about yourself
  • self perception theory = looking to your behavior to explain us
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16
Q

What is self serving bias

A
  • we think of ourselves very favorably
  • we pay attention to info that is consistent with who we believe we are

Baumeister 1992

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17
Q

Baumeister 1992

A
  • participatns assigned to groups to either read good or bad results of personality tests about themselves
  • spend more time on good feedback
  • attribute success = abilities/effort
  • failures = luck, external factors

this falls under self serving bias

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18
Q

Descrbie Positive Illusions in the self.

A
  • we overestimate our good qualities, acheivements, successes and abilities
  • optimal margin of illusion (see ourselves better than how we are and world)
  • people with good mental health have high level compared to those with depression
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19
Q

Why might positive illusions be harmful?

A
  • putting yourself in positions where you fail
  • can hurt self esteem if you fail a lot
  • setting yourself up basically
20
Q

Biases explaining behavior.

Nisbett and Schachter 1966

A

Students asked to take shocks (higher each time). However, half of the participants were given a pill (produce feelings of anxiety) before the start. People who took the pill could take more shocks. However, they denied it had anything to do with their performance when suggested.

21
Q

Biases explaining behavior.

Nisbett and Wilson 1977

A

people were asked to watch a film adn tested on it. half of the people had a powersaw going outside of their room. were asked how much they thought the noise would affect their rating. (It didnt) but everyone thought it did

22
Q

Biases explaining our emotions

two factor theory of emotion

How accurate can we explain how we feel?

A
  1. experience the physiological arousal
  2. seek a label/explanation for it (use cues in environment)

Shachter 1964

23
Q

Biases explaining our emotions

Dutton and Aaron 1974

A

Meet on a bridge with a woman to discuss paperwork. Some were asked to meet in the middle, others were asked to meet at the end of it. She gave the men her number and asked them to call her

those who met in the middle of suspensions bridge called more than those at the end of the bridge

attributed to their high arousal states

people explaining their emotional state

24
Q

What is Self Presentation?

A

attempting to present ourselves to others how we want them to see us (nonverbal, actions etc)

example = social media

25
Q

What is impression management, and how do we do it?

A

unconscious/conscious orchestration of designed presentation of self to create a certain impression
1. self monitoring
2. ingratiation
3. false modesty
4. self handicapping

26
Q

a type of impression management

self monitoring

A

monitoring your behavior
low - being yourself
high - being a social chameleon (changing self according to environment)

27
Q

type of impression management

ingratiation

A

trying to look good
flatter or praise yourself to seem better

28
Q

type of impression management

false modesty

A

act in a negative way toward yourself that isnt true
responded with positivity which is goal
trying to act humble

29
Q

type of impression management

Self handicapping

A

protecting your image with behaviors that create excuses for later failure
* people create obstacles that reduce likelihood of success (can blame failing on going out night before) DO EXCUSE
* Devise ready made excuses in case you fail (not DOING excuse)

30
Q

describe

Spotlight effect

A

we think others are paying attention to us, more than they actually are.

in reality no one cares lol. we make this up in our heads

31
Q

Illusion of transparency

A

our leaked emotions leak out and can be easily read by others

if we are happy and we know it we think its obvious

32
Q

Experiments to do with illusion transparency and spotlight effect

Stavisky and Gilovich 2003

A

40 cornell students were told. In pairs they were told to give a speech for 3 mins and then rate eachother on their nervousness. people rated themselves as more nervous than the other.

repeated it infront of audience who was not going to give a speech = same results

77 more students were invited
control = 5 mins to prepare, 3 min videotaped speech
reassured condition = told to relax and its okay to be nervous
informed condition = explained illusionary transparency

informed rated themselves elast nervous while control did the highest

33
Q

what are some other examples of interplay between our sense of self and the social world?

A
  1. social surrounding affect our social awareness (if we are the only member of a certain race in an environment we are aware of that more)
  2. self interest affecting social judgement (we always want to make a positive impressions so we pay attention to our appearance a lot)
  3. social relationships (in relationships we have varied sense of selves, when relationships change our self concept changes)
34
Q

planning fallacy

A

underestimating how long something will take

35
Q

affective forecasting

A

hard time predicting duration and intensity of emotions

we are often very resilient after negative events

36
Q

timothy wilson 2000

A

Dual attitude system
implicit - unconscious/automatic attitudes
explicit - consciously controlled attitudes

implicit changes are usually slower, require new habits to form

37
Q

self esteem

A

your overall self-eval of your self worth

38
Q

Compare someone with high self esteem to low self esteem.

A

High - if threatened they try to compensate by trying harder
low - will blame others or give up

39
Q

terror management theory

jeff greenberg 2008

A

self protective emotional cognitive responses when confronted with the idea of death

40
Q

Describe pursuing self esteem

Crocker

A
  • can sometimes make you lose sight of what actualy makes you happy
  • sometimes become less open to criticism, empathy, and more pressured to succeed
41
Q

Narcissism

A

inflated sense of self
high or low self esteem with lack of caring for others
Bushman 2009 - sstudents with high self esteem and narcissism are more aggressive

42
Q

Self efficacy

A

Sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self-esteem (separate)

different from self esteem

“ I believe I can do it!!”

43
Q

self-serving attributions

A

+ outcomes = atttributed to ourselves
- outcomes = attributed to external factors

44
Q

Defensive Pessimism

A

adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action

better safe than sorry

45
Q

False consensus effect

A

overestimating the commonality of ones opinions and one undesirable/unsuccessful behaviors

overestimating the extent someone feels the same way

46
Q

false uniqueness

A

underestimating the commonality of one’s abilities and one’s desirable/successful behaviors

47
Q

unrealistic optimism

A

finding ourselves thinking we are immune to the ‘bad’

Social Psych (11 decks)

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