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Social Psych > CHOP 6: Conformity and Obedience > Flashcards

CHOP 6: Conformity and Obedience Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Conformity

A

a change in behavior OR belief due to real or imagined group pressure

acting diff bc of others, acting diff than you would have done along, changing beliefs because of others

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2
Q

What are the two types of conformity

A
  1. acceptance
  2. Compliance (obedience is type of this)
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3
Q

Define acceptance

A

conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure

act/believe accordingly because you ACTUALLY believe so

you stop at red lights bc its safe

genuinely believe in group and what they have persuaded you.

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4
Q

Define Compliance

A

involves acting/believing publicy in accord with group but you PRIVATELY disagree

behaving/believing in a way you disagree

dont believe what you are doing but do it anyway

acts of compliance either have rewards or punishments

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5
Q

Define Obedience

A

type of COMPLIANCE
acting/believing in a way because you are told to do so (direct order/command)

doing something you wouldnt do otherwise, but since you are COMMANDED you do it

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6
Q

What is one of the three big studies

Sherif study of Norm Formation

A

wondered if it was possible for a social norm to form in lab

people were seated in a dark room, and 15ft away a light appeared, they were asked to guess how far away the light was in inches from original point (after it moves all over the place) this study then repeats in a group setting and they went through the same thing and then each day they found their estimates became similar

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7
Q

Define Suggestability

A

level of being inclined to accept/act on suggestions/influence of others

basically synonymous with mimicry

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8
Q

Define Mass Hysteria

A

Suggestibility to problems that spreads through a large group of people

katie bratwurst woke up violently twitching and it started to happen to 18 other girls in her school, parents thought there was a containment at school causing it neurologist said that they experienced mass hysteria and had a conversion disorder

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9
Q

What are the 3 big studies

Soloman Asch Experiment on group pressure

A

line experiement
experimenter tells you that you are apart of a perceptual judgement study
asks you to match the length of the line to 3 other lines. You are in a group and it goes smoothly until some people in the group start saying the wrong answer

results show conformity despite there being any real reason to conform, besides the increased arousal from standing out.

lacked mundane realism but had a lot of experimental realism

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10
Q

MILGRAM OBEDIENCE STUDY

A

demands of authority vs demands of conscience

two men came to yale to participate in a learning/memory study
experimenter comes in and tells teacher to read a list of words and its pairs and to punish any errors with SHOCKS (with increasing levels with each wrong answer)

they pulled their roles out of a hat, teacher and learner and the volts went from 15-450

the learner is heard grunting and screaming in pain and the experimenter prompted the teacher to go on no matter what

nearly all stopped to show concern, but no body thought they would go past 300 volts BUT 56% did

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11
Q

What are the 4 ways the design of Milgram Study showed that he demonstrated pyschological effects

A
  1. throught the slippery slope of small requests that escalated into larger ones
  2. framing shock giving as a social norm for the situation
  3. the opportunity to deny responsibility
  4. limited time to reflect on decision

Jerry Burger tried to replicate in 2009 BUT 70% of 2000 still obeyed so culture around obedience changed

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12
Q

What were some ways that Milgrims Study was UNETHICAL?

A
  • stressed the teachers against their own will (pyschological distress)
  • participants were deceived about their purpose and never given chance at informed consent
  • argue that the self concepts of participants were altered
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13
Q

According to the milgram studies what BREEDS obedience?

A
  1. The Vicitms Distance (distance and emotional distance)
  2. Closeness and Legitmacy of the Authority (physically close and actual authority)
  3. Institutional Authority (prestige)
  4. The liberating effects of group influence (conformity can be constructive)
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14
Q

What are some of the reflections on the Big three studies?

A
  • the similar experiences in the asch and milgram studies - how compliance takes over moral precedence
    behavior and attitudes - external influences override internal convictions
  • the power of social norms* - we realize how strong they are when trying to break them
  • Use of labs - differ from real life situatios, need to be careful in generating simplicity
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15
Q

What is a real life example of Sherif’s norm formation study

A

interpreting the events of a story differently after hearing it from others

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16
Q

What is a real life example of Aschs study on conformity?

A

Getting a tattoo because others are doing it

doing as others do

17
Q

What is a real life example of Milgrams study on obedience?

A

Soldiers or employees follwoing questionable demands or orders by higher ups

18
Q

What are the five things that predict conformity?

A
  1. Group size
  2. Unanimity
  3. Cohesion
  4. Status (higher status = higher impact)
  5. Public response (people conform more in public than private)
  6. Prior Commitment (making a public commitment makes it hard to deviate from that)
19
Q

What is true about group size in terms of what predicts conformity

A
  • a group of 3-5 people will produce the most conformity (true online too)
  • milgram had different size groups walk on a NYC sidewalk and lookup
  • the percentage of passerby to lookup increased 1-5
20
Q

What is true about unanimity in factors that predict conformity?

A

That having an ally will increase your chances of standing up for something

someone who dissents from unanimity decreases social power of group

21
Q

Define cohesive and it in terms of conformity

A

a ‘we’ feeling in a group
* the more cohesive a group is, the more power it has over its members
* opinions of people close matter the most

gino et al., 2009 - after observing someone cheat in someones own college T shirt they were more likely to cheat compared to seeing someone in another college shirt cheat

22
Q

Why?

What are the 2 main reasons we conform according to* Deutsch and Gerard 1955?*

A
  1. Normative Influence
  2. Informational Influence
23
Q

why we conform

Define Normative influence

A
  • conformity based on desire to fulfill others expectations often to gain acceptance
  • concern for social image produces normative
  • high price of deviation gets us to act in ways we dont want to
  • conform to this if the group is important and you have no allies

desire to be liked, avoid rejection, Asch’s Study

24
Q

why?

Define Informational Influence

A
  • Conformity that occurs when people accept evidence about reality provided
  • the need to know what is right
    “hey i dont rlly know but this guy seems to know!”
  • privately accept others influence as a source of info
  • when situation is ambiguous, in crisis or others are experts

desire to be right, Sherif’s Study

25
Q

Who conforms?

What are the 3 predictors of conformity

A
  1. Personality
  2. Culture
  3. Social Roles
26
Q

Who conforms

In terms of personality, what kind of person is more likely to conform?

A

people who
* value getting along with others
* smooth social experiences
* follow rules
* people pleasers hey!

contrast - people who have strong belief of their own free will and high in openness to experience (linked to creativty/social progressive thinking)

27
Q

who conforms

what is true about the predictor of conformity
culture

A
  • conformity in collectivist cultures are higher
  • individualistic countries value being unique
  • also exists in social classes (working class = similiarity vs middle = unique)
28
Q

Who conforms?

What is an important thing to remember about social roles?

A
  • social roles require some degree of conformity
  • despite there being room for interpretation, some roles are expected to be followed
  • by playing a role intentionally we conform to expectations

a student is expected to show up to class, what becomes awkward becomes genuine

29
Q

do we ever want to be different?

What are two ways we as humans want to be different?

A
  1. Reactance
  2. Asserting Uniqueness
30
Q

Do we want to be different?

What is Reactance?

A

we value or sense of freedom and self-efficacy

reactance occurs when we feel our sense of freedom is being compromiesd

when someone tells you not to do something you want to do it

31
Q

Do we want to be different?

What is
Asserting Uniqueness?

A

Collectivist - feel uncomfortable standing out

Individualistic - feel uncomfortable being similar

Overall
People feel better when they see themselves as moderately unique and act in ways that will assert their individuality

32
Q

What were the 3 things the people of the milgrim study articulated after disobeying

A
  1. one should not impose one’s will on another
  2. one is responsible for what one does to another
  3. one is ALWAYS FREE to choose to not obey demands

Social Psych (11 decks)

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