Chp 2️⃣, 19-43, Evolution Flashcards
What’re Fossils ?
Physical remained of dead organisms
What’re Species ?
Group of related offspring that Interproduce and produce fertile, viable offspring
What is a Habitat?
Specific area of the natural environment an organism lives in
What is Natural Selection?
Process where some organisms develop traits/features that help them adapt to their environment thus increasing the frequency of those in features in the population
What is Adaptive radiation?
Branch of related species that adapt to their current environment
What is Evolution?
Biological change from generation to generation
What is adaptation?
Change in physical structure, function, behavior that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in a given environment
What is Geology?
Study of the earth I.e composition, activity, and history
What is Paleontology ?
Study of fossils
What is Taxonomy ?
Classification of past and living life forms
What is Systematics ?
Biological relationships over time
What is Demography?
Study of the population
What is Evolutionary biology ?
Study of organisms and their changes
What is Uniformitarianism ?
Theory that processes that occurred in the geologic past that still occurs today. Pioneered by James Hutton, rediscovered by Charles Lyell
What is Catastrophosim?
Cataclysmic events are responsible for geologic change through earths history
What’re the 5 disciplines that generated Darwin’s theory of natural selection ?
Paleontology, Geology, Taxonomy and Systematics, Demography, and Evolutionary biology
Who created the theory of Uniformitarianism ?
Scottish scientist James Huttson. Re-discovered by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell
Who pioneered the study of Palentology?
Georges Cuvier, provided basic framework of the history of life
Who tested the theory of fossils ?
Robert Hooke, tested his theory on fossil remains of wood against living trees
Who contributed to the study of Taxonomy?
English naturalist John Ray, laid ground work for later taxonomists
What is Bionomical nonmenclature?
2 naming System created by Carolus Linnaeus I.e high level genus : Homo, lower level species : Sapiens
What is a Genus ?
Group of related species
What is Lamarckism ?
Theory of evolution acquired characteristics passed down to the new generation
What is Gemmules?
Units of inheritance➡️accumulated in gametes➡️passed down to offspring
What is Blending inheritance ?
Outdated theory that the phenotype of an offspring was a uniform blend of parents
What is an Allele?
1 or more alternative forms of a gene
What is a Dominant allele?
Allele that is expressed in a organisms phenotype, masks the effects of another allele if present
What is a Recessive allele ?
Allele, 2 copies are present but is masked if the dominant present
What is a Genotype ?
Genetic makeup of an organism: pair of alleles I.e Tt
What is a Phenotype?
Physical expression of the genotype maybe be influenced by the environment
What is Mendelian Inheritance?
Basic principle of genetics
What is a Chromosome?
Strand of DNA found in nucleus of eukaryotes contains hundreds of thousands of genes
What is Evolution Synthesis?
Unified theory of evolution combines genetics with natural selection
What is Population genetics ?
Filed in genetics that focuses on changes in gene frequencies➡️Effects of those changes on adaptation and evolution
What is mutation ?
Random genetic change
What is Gene flow ?
Admixture/exchange of alleles between 2 populations
What is Genetic drift ?
Random change in allele frequency’s from 1 generation to another with greater effect on smaller populations
What is Deoxyribonucleic acid ?
Chemical that makes up chromosomes ➡️double stranded molecule that provides the genetic code for an organism➡️phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, 4 types of nitrogen bases
Who is Charles Darwin?
English naturalist & biologist➡️ provided revolutionary concepts of how we came to be➡️ theory of evolution/ natural selection
What is the Daphne Island Finch Study?
Study of the drought that genetically altered the beak size of the medium ground finch ➡️ bigger beaks➡️ probability of surviving increased
What is Fitness?
An organisms probability for surviving and reproducing
What is the study of the English Peppered moths?
Decrease in nonmelanic moths➡️increase in melanic months due environmental changes➡️changed the phenotype of the moths
What was Darwin’s Dilemma?
The Cambrian “explosion”➡️ how rapidly fossils appeared 540-520 million years ago➡️ beginning of fossils with tough bones
