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Anatomy > Chp 19 Neck > Flashcards

Chp 19 Neck Flashcards

0
Q

How many bones does the neck have?

A

8

7 cervical vertebrae and 1 hyoid bone) (pg. 97

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1
Q

The neck is the region of the body between what structures?

A

the head and thorax (pg. 97)

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2
Q

What is the bone that lies in the anterior portion of the neck between the mandible and the larynx, is u-shaped, and is open posteriorly?

A

The hyoid bone (pg. 97)

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3
Q

The anterior portion of the hyoid bone is called what?

A

the body (pg. 97)

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4
Q

Projecting from the body of the hyoid bone posteriorly are what?

A
  • (the larger) Greater horns

- (then smaller) Lesser horns (pg. 97)

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5
Q

What does the hyoid bone articulate with?

A

It does not articulate with any other bone but is suspended by the attaching muscles (pg. 97)

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6
Q

What is the cartilaginous pipe that extends from the larynx above through the neck into the thorax?

A

the trachea (pg. 97)

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7
Q

What is the cartilaginous organ located at the upper end of the trachea (windpipe)?

A

Larynx (voice box) (pg. 97)

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8
Q

What is the endocrine gland located on either side of the trachea just below the larynx?

A

thyroid gland (pg. 98)

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9
Q

The thyroid gland has (blank 1) lobes connected across the trachea by the (blank 2)?

A
  1. 2

2. Isthmus (pg. 98)

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10
Q

What are the 2-4 endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland (not cartilage)?

A

parathyroid gland (pg. 98)

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11
Q

What are the 6 muscles/category of muscles of the neck?

A
  1. subcutaneous muscle (platysma)
  2. Sternocleidomastoid
  3. Infrahyoid muscles
  4. Suprahyoid muscles
  5. Scalene muscles
  6. Prevertebral muscles (pg. 98)
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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the Platysma (subcutaneous muscle)?

A

Origin: Skin over deltoid and pectoralis major
Insertion: Lower border of the mandible
Action: Elevation of the skin of the neck
Innervation: CN VII (facial nerve) (pg. 98)

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Origin: manubrium of sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of the skull
Action: Flex neck (both) or rotation (individual side acting alone)
Innervation: CN XI (accessory nerve)

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14
Q

The infrahyoid muscles are also known as what?

A

-Strap muscles (pg. 98)

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the Thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Origin: Thyroid cartilage
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Involved in swallowing
Innervation: Cervical nerve 1 via CN XII (hypoglossal)

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16
Q

What are the 4 strap muscles (infrahyoid)?

A
  1. Thyrohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Omohyoid (pg. 98-99)
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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the sternohyoid muscle (most prominent of strap)?

A

Origin: manubrium of the sternum
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Involved in swallowing
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (pg. 99)

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the sternothyroid muscle (deep to sternohyoid)?

A

Origin: manubrium of sternum
Insertion: Thyroid cartilage
Action: involved in swallowing
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the omohyoid muscle?

A

Origin: Scapula
Insertion: hyoid bone
Action: involved in swallowing
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (pg. 99)

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20
Q

Which strap muscle is not innervated by ansa cervicalis?

A

Thyrohyoid (pg. 98-99)

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21
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid (pg. 99)
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22
Q

What are the 3 scalene muscles?

A
  1. Scalene anterior
  2. Scalene medius
  3. Scalene posterior (pg. 99)
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23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of scalene anterior?

A

Origin: cervical vertebrae
Insertion: 1st rib (pg. 99)

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of scalene medius?

A

Origin: Cervical vertebrae
Insertion: 1st rib (pg. 99)

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25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of scalene posterior?

A

Origin: cervical vertebrae
Insertion: 2nd rib

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26
Q

What nerve are all the scalene muscles innervated by?

A

Ventral Rami (pg. 99)

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27
Q

What is the action of all the scalene muscles?

A

lateral flexion of the neck (pg. 99)

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28
Q

What structures are anterior to the anterior scalene muscle?

A
  1. Phrenic nerve
  2. Common carotid artery and internal carotid artery
  3. Internal jugular vein
  4. Subclavian vein
  5. Vagus nerve (pg. 99)
29
Q

What structures are posterior to anterior scalene muscle?

A
  1. Subclavian artery

2. Brachial plexus (pg. 99)

30
Q

Explain what makes up the boundaries of the scalene triangle?

A 
Anterior= Scalene anterior
Posterior= Scalene medius
Inferior= First rib (pg. 99)
31
Q

Name the prevertebral muscles?

A
  1. longus capitis

2. longus cervicis (colli) (pg. 99)

32
Q

What is the spinal nerve plexus formed by the ventral rami of C1 to C4?

A

The cervical plexus (pg. 100)

33
Q

How is the cervical plexus arranged?

A

As an irregular series of loops from which the branches of the plexus arise (pg. 100)

34
Q

The branches of the cervical plexus supply the scalene and suprahyoid muscles? True or False?

A

False (the Scalene and prevertebral muscles) (pg. 100)

35
Q

Whatbbranch of the cervical plexus is a loop of nervous tissue that lies anterior to the carotid sheath and has two roots?

A

The ansa cervicalis (pg. 100)

36
Q

Which root of ansa cervicalis connects with the hypoglossal nerve?

A

The superior root (pg. 100)

37
Q

Which root of ansa cervicalis is derived from C2 and C3?

A

The inferior root (pg. 100)

38
Q

Which branch of the cervical plexus arises from ventral ramus C4 (C3, C5) and courses through the neck anterior to the scalene anterior muscle then down through the thorax anterior to the root of the lung?

A

The phrenic nerve (pg. 100)

39
Q

What is the only muscle that the phrenic nerve innervates?

A

The diaphragm (pg. 100)

40
Q

What are the 4 superficial branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  1. Lesser occipital (C2, C3)
  2. Great auricular (C2, C3)
  3. Transverse cervical (C2, C3)
  4. Supraclavicular (C3, C4)
41
Q

Explain how the vagus nerve courses through the body?

A
  • it arises from the brain and courses through a foramen in the skull (jugular foramen)
  • Courses through the neck in the carotid sheath
  • Courses through the thorax posterior to the root of the lung
  • Courses through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm and enters the abdomen, where it supplies abdominal organs. (pg. 100)
42
Q

What nerve is part of the autonomic nervous system and is located in the neck posterior to the carotid sheath?

A

Sympathetic truck (pg. 100)

43
Q

What vessels can be found in the neck?

A
  1. common carotid arteries and their branches
  2. subclavian arteries and their branches
  3. subclavian veins (pg. 100)
44
Q

The arch of the aorta has 3 main branches name what?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic truck
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery (pg. 101)
45
Q

What vessels does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?

A
  1. Right subclavian artery

2. right common carotid artery (pg. 101)

46
Q

What do the subclavian arteries supply?

A

the upper limbs (pg. 101)

47
Q

What do the carotid arteries supply?

A

the head and neck (pg. 101)

48
Q

The right common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk whereas the left common carotid arise from which vessel?

A

the arch of the aorta (pg. 101)

49
Q

Each of the carotid arteries ascend through the neck in what structure?

A

the carotid sheath (pg. 101)

50
Q

Both of the common carotid arteries terminate at the upper border of which structure of the neck (Q1)? Then go and branch off into these 2 vessel (Q2)?

A
  1. the Thyroid cartilage

2. Internal & external carotid arteries (pg. 101)

51
Q

Both of the internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity and supplies the brain with approximately what percentage of the brains blood flow?

A

80-85% (not in book note from lecture)

52
Q

Does the external carotid artery give off any branches?

A

Yes 8 names branches that supply all the structures of the neck on its respective side. (pg. 101)

53
Q

Does the internal carotid artery give off any branches in the neck?

A

No (pg. 101)

54
Q

Towards which structure of the head does the external carotid artery ascend towards?

A

The ear on each side (101)

55
Q

Where do the right and left subclavian arteries arise from?

A
  1. right= arises from brachiocephalic trunk

2. left= arises from the aorta (pg. 101)

56
Q

Where does each subclavian artery course through the neck?

A

Posterior to the scalene anterior (pg. 101)

57
Q

Each subclavian artery courses over the first rib on its respective side and at the lateral border of the first rib its name changes to what?

A

The axillary artery (pg. 101)

58
Q

Each subclavian artery has 5 named branches. Which branches of the subclavian artery combines to form the basilar artery that supplies the brain?

A

The vertebral artery (pg. 101)

59
Q

Trace the vertebral arteries from the subclavian vessels to where it supplies the brain?

A
  1. Starts at the subclavian and branches into the vertebral arteries
  2. ascends the the foramina of the cervical transverse processes
  3. enters the cranial cavity via the foramen Magnum
  4. Joins with vertebral artery of opposite side to form the basilar artery
60
Q

Each subclavian vein arises as a continuation from what vessel?

A

the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib (pg. 101)

61
Q

What vessel courses through the neck anterior to the scalene anterior muscle?

A

The subclavian veins (pg. 101)

62
Q

Each subclavian vein terminates by joining with the (blank1) to form the (blank 2)

A
  1. internal jugular

2. brachiocephalic (pg. 101)

63
Q

Which vessels arise on its respective side from veins draining the scalp and face?

A

The external jugular veins (pg. 102)

64
Q

Each external jugular vein course superficially on its respective side across which muscle?

A

the sternocleidomastoid

65
Q

Which vessel arises as a continuation of the dural sinuses that drain the brain?

A

the internal jugulars (pg. 102)

66
Q

Each internal jugular vein ascends the neck via what structure?

A

the carotid sheath (pg. 102)

67
Q

When each internal jugular vein terminates by joining its respective subclavian vein to from what vessel?

A

the brachiocephalic vein (pg. 102)

68
Q

What is the condensation of fascia on each side of the neck that surrounds 3 important structurs?

A

The carotid sheath (pg. 102)

69
Q

What are the 4 structures than can be found in the carotid sheath?

A
  1. Common carotid artery
  2. Internal carotid artery
  3. Internal jugular vein
  4. Vagus nerve (pg. 102)

Anatomy (10 decks)

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