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Anatomy > Chp 18 Larynx > Flashcards

Chp 18 Larynx Flashcards

0
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A
  1. A valve to guard the air passages, especially during swallowing
  2. Maintains an open air passage
  3. In vocalization (pg. 93)
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1
Q

What is the cartilaginous organ located at the superior end of the trachea?

A

The larynx (pg. 93)

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2
Q

What are the 4 main types of cartilage that make up the larynx?

A
  1. Thyroid cartilage
  2. Cricoid cartilage
  3. Arytenoid cartilage
  4. Epiglottic cartilage (pg. 93-94)
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3
Q

What is the largest cartilage of the larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage (pg. 93)

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4
Q

What are the 2 flat plates which fuse anteriorly and diverge posteriorly that are part of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Laminae (pg. 93)

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5
Q

Where the laminae of the thyroid cartilage fuse anteriorly is called what? 2 names?

A

Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) (pg. 93)

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6
Q

The superior border of the thyroid cartilage forms this palpable structure?

A

Superior thyroid notch (pg. 93)

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7
Q

What part of the thyroid cartilage attaches via ligaments to the hyoid bone?

A

superior horn (pg. 93)

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8
Q

What part of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the cricoid cartilage?

A

the inferior horn (pg. 93)

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9
Q

The lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage is crossed by this structure to which strap muscles of the neck attach?

A

oblique line (pg. 93)

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10
Q

What cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring of cartilage that forms a shape similar to a ring?

A

Cricoid cartilage (pg. 93)

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11
Q

The posterior part of the cricoid cartilage that is in the form of a flat plate is called what?

A

the lamina (pg. 93)

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12
Q

The anterior narrow part of the cricoid cartilage is called what?

A

the arch (pg. 93)

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13
Q

The upper border of the cricoid cartilage articulates with which structure of the larynx?

A

arytenoid cartilages (pg. 93)

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14
Q

The lower border of the cricoid cartilage articulates with the trachea via what?

A

the cricotracheal ligament (pg. 93)

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15
Q

What is the cartilage of the larynx is leaf-shaped and extends superiorly and posteriorly from the thyroid cartilage?

A

the epiglottic cartilage (pg. 94)

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16
Q

The upper end of the epiglottic cartilage is (blank1) whereas its lower end is (blank 2)?

A
  1. broad

2. narrow (pg. 94)

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17
Q

The narrow end of the epiglottic cartilage that attaches to the thyroid cartilage is called what? 2 names?

A

the stalk (petiolus) (pg. 94)

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18
Q

What is the function of the epiglottic cartilage?

A

It closes the opening into the laryngeal cavity during swallowing (pg. 94)

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19
Q

What is the paired cartilage of the larynx located at the superior border of the cricoid cartilage?

A

The arytenoid cartilages (pg. 94)

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20
Q

The arytenoid cartilages form what shape?

A

Pyramidal- with an apex above and the base below (pg. 94)

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21
Q

What are the names of the 2 processes of the base of the arytenoid cartilages?

A
  1. the vocal process
  2. the muscular process (pg. 94)

(Dr. Bee said the base looks like a boomerang)

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22
Q

The vocal process extends forward from the base of the arytenoid cartilage and serves as attachment for what?

A

the vocal ligament (pg. 94)

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23
Q

The muscular process of the base of the arytenoid cartilage extends laterally and serves as an attachment for what?

A

muscles of the larynx (pg. 94)

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24
Q

What are the 2 smaller types of cartilages of the larynx?

A
  1. corniculate cartilages

2. cuneiform cartilages (pg. 94)

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25
Q

Which cartilage sits on top of the apex of each arytenoid cartilage?

A

the corniculate cartilage (pg. 94)

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26
Q

This cartilage is located within the fold of mucous membranes between the arytenoid and the epiglottic cartilages?

A

Cuneiform cartilage (pg. 94)

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27
Q

What is the fold of mucous membrane between the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilage called?

A

aryepiglottic folds (pg. 94)

28
Q

What are the extrinsic elevator muscles of the larynx?

A
  1. Thyrohyoid
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. digastric (pg. 94)
29
Q

What are the extrinsic depressor muscles of the larynx?

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid (pg. 94)
30
Q

The larynx has how many intrinsic muscles?

A

6 (pg. 94-95)

31
Q

This intrinsic muscle of the larynx extends from the arch of the cricoid to the lamina of the thyroid and inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage?

A

cricothyroid (pg. 94)

32
Q

This intrinsic muscle of the larynx course laterally from the arch of the cricoid to the muscular process of the arytenoid?

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid (pg. 94)

33
Q

This intrinsic muscle of the larynx connects the posterior surfaces of the 2 arytenoids?

A

arytenoideus (pg. 94)

34
Q

This intrinsic muscle of the larynx extends from the posterior surface of the lamina of the cricoid to the muscular process of the arytenoid?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid (pg. 94) (*only abductor of intrinsic muscles)

35
Q

This intrinsic muscle of the larynx extends from the medial surface of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage to the muscular process of the arytenoid?

A

Thyroarytenoid (pg. 95)

36
Q

This intrinsic muscle of the larynx courses from the internal surface of the thyroid cartilage posteriorly to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Vocalis (pg. 95)

37
Q

All intrinsic muscles are adductors of the vocal cords (bring together) except which one?

A

the posterior cricoarytenoid (abductor) (pg. 95)

38
Q

All intrinsic muscles except one are innervated by which nerve?

A

the recurrent laryngeal nerve (branches of vagus) (pg. 95)

39
Q

Which intrinsic muscle in not supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

cricothyroid (pg. 95)

40
Q

What nerve is cricothyroid supplied by?

A

superior laryngeal nerve (pg. 95)

41
Q

What nerve is a direct branch of the vagus that divides into two branches that supply the larynx?

A

the superior laryngeal nerve (pg. 95)

42
Q

This branch of the superior laryngeal nerve pierces the membrane between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage to supply sensory innervation to the mucous membrane lining the larynx above the vocal cords?

A

The internal branch (pg. 95)

43
Q

What is the membrane between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane (pg. 95)

44
Q

The branch of the superior laryngeal nerve course on the external surface of the larynx to innervate the cricothyroid muscle?

A

internal branch (pg. 95)

45
Q

This branch of the vagus nerve begins in the thorax?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (pg. 95)

46
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the (blank 1) whereas the left loops around the (blank 2)?

A
  1. subclavian artery

2. aorta (pg. 95)

47
Q

Both the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend to the larynx in the groove between which structures?

A

the esophagus and the trachea (pg. 95)

48
Q

The recurrent nerve supplies sensory innervation to what?

A

the mucous membranes below the vocal folds (pg. 95)

49
Q

What are the 3 cavities of the larynx?

A
  1. Vestibule
  2. Ventricle
  3. Infraglottic cavity (pg. 96)
50
Q

The 3 cavities of the larynx are separated by what 2 horizontal structures of mucous membrane?

A
  1. the vestibular fold (false vocal fold)

2. the ventricular fold (true vocal fold) (pg. 96)

51
Q

What is the inlet or opening into the larynx from the laryngopharnx that is bounded by the epiglottis anteriorly and on each side by the aryepiglottic folds?

A

The aditus (pg. 96)

52
Q

What extends from the inlet of the larynx down to the vestibular folds?

A

The vestibule (pg. 96)

53
Q

Closure of the inlet (aditus) by the epiglottis does what?

A

Protects the respiratory passage against the invasion of food and foreign bodies (pg. 96)

54
Q

What extends from the thyroid cartilage in front to the arytenoid cartilage behind which also contains a ligament called the vestibular ligament?

A

The vestibular folds (pg. 96)

55
Q

Why are the vestibular folds also called the false vocal cords?

A

because they are not involved in voice production (pg. 96)

56
Q

What is the space between the vestibular folds called?

A

rima vestibuli (pg. 96)

57
Q

What muscle closes or obliterates the rima vestibuli?

A

the 5 muscles that adduct the vocal cords (not the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle that one abducts) (pg. 94 & 96)

58
Q

What does closing the rima vestibuli do?

A

Allows for increase in intra-thoracic pressure or intra-abdominal pressure during urination, defecation, or parturition (pg. 96)

59
Q

What is the space located on either side of the larynx between the vestibular fold above and the true vocal folds?

A

Ventricle (of morgagni) (pg. 96)

60
Q

What is the function of the ventricle of morgagni?

A

allows free movement of the vocal folds (pg. 96)

61
Q

What binds the ventricle inferiorly and has 2 folds of mucous membrane that contain the vocalis muscle and the vocal ligament?

A

the true vocal folds (pg. 96)

62
Q

Where do the true vocal folds extend from?

A

the angle of the thyroid cartilage in front of the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage behind (pg. 96)

63
Q

The space that lies between the 2 true vocal folds and represents the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity is called what?

A

Rima glottidis (pg. 96)

64
Q

The vocal folds serve what purpose?

A

They control the stream of air passing through the rima glottidis and thus are important in voice production. (pg. 96)

65
Q

What is the single fold that attaches the epiglottis to the posterior tongue?

A

median glossoepiglottic fold (pg. 96)

66
Q

What are the 2 folds that attach the epiglottis to the pharynx?

A

lateral glossoepiglottic folds (pg. 96)

67
Q

Between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds are depressions in which saliva collects from the posterior tongue called what?

A

Epiglottic valleculae (little ditches) (pg. 96)

68
Q

Why are valleculae important for CRNA’s?

A

Important landmark for intubation (especially when using curved MAC blade) (pg. 96)

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