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Anatomy > Chp 12 Scalp & Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Chp 12 Scalp & Cranial Cavity Flashcards

0
Q

What are the first 3 layers of the scalp called and why?

A

Scalp proper because they are clinically regarded as a single layer because they remain together when cut during surgery or torn. (pg. 74)

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1
Q

The scalp consists of how many layers of soft tissue that cover the calvaria?

A

5 (pg. 74)

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2
Q

What is the layer of skin that makes of the first layer and is commonly found containing hair and sebaceous glands?

A

Skin (pg. 74)

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3
Q

What layer of skin is a flattened tendon found between the frontalis muscle anteriorly and the occipitlais muscle posteriorly? 3 names?

A
  • 3rd layer= Aponeurosis or galea aponeurotica (galea= helmet in latin)
  • also know as the epicranium
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4
Q

Which layer of skin is richly vascularized and well supplied with nerves?

A

Layer 2= Close subcutaneous tissue (connective tissue)

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5
Q

What is the deepest layer of skin that is firmly anchored to the skull and is the external surface of the skull? 2 Names?

A

Layer 5= Pericranium or (periosteum) (pg. 74)

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6
Q

Which layer of skin allows free movement of the scalp proper (layers 1-3) and is made of loose connective tissue that also contains many potential spaces capable of filling with fluid an allowing pus or blood to spread easily through it.

A

Layer 4= Loose subaponeurotic tissue (pg. 74)

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7
Q

The loose subaponeurotic tissue is also called what due to the veins (emissary veins) that connect this layer with the dural sinuses and can potentially lead to the spread of infection to the cranial cavity.

A

Danger layer

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8
Q

The initials from the 5 layers spell what word?

A 
Skin
Close subcutaneous tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose subaponeurotic tissue
Pericranium
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9
Q

The cranial bone is made of how many layers?

A

3 (pg. 75)

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10
Q

What is the external layer of the cranial bone called that is made of compact bone?

A

The outer table (pg. 75)

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11
Q

What is the middle layer of the cranial bone that is made of spongy bone?

A

the Diploe (pg. 75)

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12
Q

What is the internal layer of the cranial bone that is also made of compact bone called?

A

inner table (pg.75)

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13
Q

What are the thick and thin regions of the cranial bones?

A 
Thick= Frontal & Occipital
Thin= temporal
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14
Q

What is the lining of the inner table called which is also the outer layer of dura? 2 names?

A

Endocranium or endosteum (pg. 75)

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15
Q

Branches of which major vessels supply the scalp?

A

external carotid & internal carotid arteries

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16
Q

Where do many of the vessels that supply the scalp anastomose freely?

A

2nd layer of scalp= Close subcutaneous tissue (pg. 75)

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17
Q

What regions of the scalp do the internal carotid artery supply?

A

the frontal region

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18
Q

What regions of the scalp do the external carotid arteries supply?

A

The temporal and occipital regions

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19
Q

Veins accompany the arteries in (Blank) (in which two veins lie on either side of the artery) and have the same names as the arteries?

A

venae comitantes arrangement (pg. 75)

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20
Q

The innervation of the scalp anterior the ears is from what?

A

3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V):

  1. ophthalmic
  2. maxillary
  3. mandibular
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21
Q

Posterior to the ears the scalp is innervated by which nerves?

A

Cervical spinal nerves

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22
Q

The Dura mater consists of how many layers?

A

2

23
Q

The endocranium or endosteum that fuses to the skull is also called what?

A

Endosteal Dura

24
Q

What is the inner layer of the dura mater called?

A

The meningeal dura

25
Q

Areas where the endosteal dura and meningeal dura separate to form these structures that contain blood and absorbed CSF?

A

dural sinuses

26
Q

What are the dural folds?

A

The inner layer of the dura that folds internally in 4 locations

27
Q

What is the sickle shaped dural fold that separates the superior portion of the right and left side of the cerebrum?

A

The falx cerebri (falx = sickle in latin) (pg. 76)

28
Q

What is the dural fold that forms a tent over the cerebellum?

A

The tentorium cerebelli (tentorium= tent in latin)(pg. 76)

29
Q

What is the sickle shaped dural fold inferior to the surface of the tentorium cerebelli that separates the right and left cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

30
Q

What is the dural fold that is a small, circular, horizontal sheet that forms a roof over the hypophyseal fossa in the sella turcia?

A

Diaphragma sellae (pg. 76)

31
Q

What pierces the Diaphragma sella? 2 Names?

A

The hypophyseal stalk (infundibulum)

32
Q

Which arteries supply the Dura mater?

A

The meningeal arteries including the middle meningeal artery.

33
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery branch off of?

A

the maxillary artery coming off the external carotid and courses external to the dura mater (pg. 76)

34
Q

What are the dural sinuses actually when considering their function?

A

a vein lined with endothelium that is not collapsible (pg. 76)

35
Q

What is the function of the dural sinuses?

A

They drain all blood and absorbed CSF from the brain and they flow toward the internal jugular vein.

36
Q

What dural sinus lies in the median plane on the superior portion of the falx cerebri?

A

Superior sagittal sinus (pg. 76)

37
Q

What does the superior sagittal sinus connect?

A

the diploic veins, cerebral veins, and the lateral expansions of the sagittal sinus.

38
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain into?

A

posteriorly into the confluence of sinuses or (Confluence) (pg. 76)

39
Q

What dural sinus also lies in the median plane but on the inferior portion of the falx cerebri?

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

40
Q

Where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain into?

A

the straight sinus

41
Q

What is the dural sinus that is found between the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli?

A

The straight sinus (pg. 76)

42
Q

Where does the straight sinus receive blood from?

A

the inferior sagittal sinus and the cerebral veins

43
Q

Where does the straight sinus drain?

A

posteriorly in the the confluence of sinuses (pg. 76)

44
Q

What is the dural sinus that begins at the confluence and courses laterally?

A

The transverse sinus

45
Q

What sinus can be found within the external border of the tentorium cerebelli and passes anteriorly toward the petrous portion of the temporal bone to the sigmoid sinus?

A

Transverse sinus

46
Q

What dural sinus extends from the transverse sinus and courses in an S shape (S for greek letter sigma) along the petrous portion to the jugular foramen, where it continues in the neck as the internal jugular vein?

A

Sigmoid sinus (pg. 77)

47
Q

What are the 2 dural sinuses found lateral to the sella turcica on each side?

A

Cavernous sinus (cavelike appearance) (pg. 77)

48
Q

What is the polygonal anastomosis between the right and left internal carotid arteries and the right and left vertebral arteries? 2 Names?

A

Circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle) (pg. 77)

49
Q

The internal carotid artery after entering the cranial cavity divide into what 2 arteries?

A

anterior cerebral artery- course within the longitudinal fissure of cerebrum
middle cerebral artery- course in the lateral fissure of the cerebrum

50
Q

The vertebral artery branches off what artery and travels upward through the foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae?

A

subclavian artery (pg. 77)

51
Q

When the vertebral artery passes through the foramen magnum and joins the vertebral artery from the opposite side to form what artery?

A

The basilar artery (pg. 77)

52
Q

The basilar artery courses along the grove on the pons and divides into what arteries?

A

Posterior cerebral arteries (pg. 77)

53
Q

What vessels form the Circle of Willis?

A

the basilar artery, posterior cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries, internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, and anterior communicating artery (pg. 77)

54
Q

What is the lateral expansion of the superior sagittal sinus?

A

lateral lacunae (pg. 76)

Anatomy (10 decks)

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