Chp 17 Pharynx Flashcards
Where is the pharynx located?
Posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx (pg. 90)
The pharynx is part of which two body systems?
digestive and respiratory
The pharynx is how long and extends from which anatomical landmarks?
- 12cm
- Extending from base of skull inferiorly to the cricoid cartilage below, which lies at C6 (pg. 90)
What other structure nearby is the pharynx continuous with?
The esophagus (pg. 90)
The pharynx is what shape? It is (Blank1) at the base of skull and (Blank 2) at its termination in the esophagus.
- funnel shaped
1. Widest
2. narrowest (pg. 90)
Because of the pharynx openings which 7 cavities is it continuous with?
- 2 nasal cavities
- 2 tympanic cavities
- Oral cavity
- Larynx
- Esophagus (pg. 90)
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx and describe its location?
- Nasopharynx- posterior to the nasal cavity
- Oropharynx- Posterior to the oral cavity
- Laryngopharynx- Behind the larynx (pg. 90)
The nasopharynx is open to the nasal cavity at which structure?
The choanae (pg. 91)
What is the choanae?
A bony aperture located at the junction of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx (pg. 91)
The roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx form a continuous sloping surface that lies under which structures?
the body of the sphenoid and basilar part (Clivus) of occipital bone (pg. 91)
A mass of lymphoid tissue is embedded in the mucous membrane in the nasopharynx called what? 2 Names?
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) (pg. 91)
If the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids become enlarged the may cause what?
Respiratory obstruction (pg. 91)
What structure is found on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and can be found 1.5cm posterior to the inferior nasal conchae?
the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (pg. 91)
The auditory tube is how long? And connects which cavities?
- 3.5cm long
- Connects the tympanic cavity of the middle ear with the nasopharynx (pg. 91)
What are the other 2 names for the auditory tube?
Eustachian or pharyngotympanic tube (pg. 91)
The medial 2/3 of the auditory tube (Eustachian or pharyngotympanic tube) is (Blank 1) in anatomical location compared to the lateral 1/3?
anterior (pg. 91)
The lateral 1/3 of the auditory tube is (blank 1) in anatomical position compared to the medial 2/3?
Posterior (pg. 91)
The medial 2/3 of the auditory tube that is related to the pharynx is composed of what?
elastic cartilage (pg. 91)
The lateral 1/3 of the auditory tube that is related to the middle ear is made of what?
Bone (pg. 91)
The cartilaginous part of the auditory tube usually remains open or closed?
closed (because it is made of elastic tissue) (pg. 91)
When does the elastic cartilage of the auditory tube open and what can be heard?
- It opens during swallowing, yawning, and when pressure differences exist between the tympanic cavity and the atmospheric pressure.
- a small click is heard when it opens (ex. ear popping on airplane)(pg. 91)
What causes the elastic cartilage to open in the medial 2/3 of the auditory tube?
It is unknown (pg. 91)
Just superior to the auditory tube opening (Eustachian or pharynogtympanic tube) in the nasopharynx is a cartilage referred to as what?
torus tubarius (from latin torus= swelling) (pg. 91)
What are the 3 mucous membrane folds that extend from the torus tubarius and describe their anatomical location?
- Salpingopalatine fold- extends from the torus to the soft palate.
- Salpingopharyngeal fold- extends from the torus to the lateral wall of the pharynx.
- Torus levatorius- Located between the other two folds and extends from the mouth of the tube to the soft palate (pg. 91)
Why do the mucous membranes from torus tubarius exist?
because of the presence of a muscle housed by the fold (pg. 91)
The portion of the nasopharynx posterior to the torus is termed what?
pharyngeal recess (pg. 92)
What can sometimes be found in the pharyngeal recess?
Lymphoid tissue- tubal tonsil (pg. 92)
The nasopharynx communicates with the oropharynx via (blank) that is bounded by the soft palate anteriorly and the wall of the pharynx posteriorly?
pharyngeal isthmus (pg. 92)
What is the part of the pharynx posterior to the oral cavity?
Oropharynx (pg. 92)
The oropharynx is continuous with the oral cavity via what structure?
oropharyngeal isthmus (pg. 92)
What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?
- Superiorly- soft palate
- Inferiorly- Tongue
- Laterally- The pillars of the fauces (pg. 92)
What is the fold of mucous membranes extending from the palate to the side of the tongue? 2 names?
The anterior pillar of the fauces (palatoglossal arch)(pg. 92)
The anterior pillar of fauces contains what muscle?
palatoglossus muscle (pg. 92)
What structure in the oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the lateral side of the pharynx? 2 names?
the posterior pillar of the fauces (palatopharyngeal arch) (pg. 92)
Between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch lies what?
the tonsillar bed which contain the palatine tonsils (pg. 92)
What is the palatine tonsil?
A collection of lymphoid tissue under the mucous membrane of the oropharynx (pg. 92)
What part of the pharynx extends from the upper border of the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus? 2 names?
Laryngopharynx or hypopharynx (pg. 92)
In the laryngopharynx what structure lies on either side of the larynx in which food boluses enter into after being deviated laterally by the epiglottis after swallowing?
the piriform recess (food channels) (pg. 92)
What nerve and artery course under the mucous membrane in each piriform recess?
- internal laryngeal nerve
- superior laryngeal artery (pg. 92)
The wall of the pharynx consists of what 4 layers?
- mucous membrane
- Fibrous layer
- muscular layer
- fascial layer (pg. 92)
The mucous membrane layer lining the internal surface of the pharynx is continuous with the mucous membranes lining what other nearby structures?
- nasal cavity
- oral cavity
- larynx
- lining of auditory tube (pg. 92)
