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Anatomy > Chp 10 bones of skull > Flashcards

Chp 10 bones of skull Flashcards

0
Q

How many bones make up the skull

A

22 bones, both paired and unpaired group into cranial and facial bones

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1
Q

4 Functions of the skull

A

Protect brain
Cavity houses sensory organs
Openings for air and food
Mastication

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2
Q

Most bones of the skull are joined at immovable joints called what?

A

sutures

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3
Q

What is the exception of the skull that is not a suture joint?

A

The mandible (jaw bone) is a synovial (movable joint)

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4
Q

The 8 bones that encase and protect the brain?

A

Cranial bones

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5
Q

What is the superior portion of the cranium called?

A

calvaria

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6
Q

The flat bone at the posterior inferior aspect of the cranium?

A

Occipital bone (1)

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7
Q

What does occipitium mean in latin?

A

the back of the head

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8
Q

What does occipio mean in latin?

A

I begin or commence

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9
Q

At birth the portion of the skull is usually “born” first?

A

Occipital bone

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10
Q

What is the large foramen at the base of the skull near the anterior aspect of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord enters?

A

Foramen magnum

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11
Q

What is a large prominent eminence on the posterior midline of the occipital bone

A

external occipital protuberance (occiput)

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12
Q

What is a curved ridge extending laterally form the occiput?

A

superior nuchal line

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13
Q

What are the prominent oval projections at the anterolateral aspects of the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebrae?

A

Occipital condyles (pg. 68)

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14
Q

What are the two names of the occipital bone that lies anterior to the foramen magnum and articulates with the sphenoid bone?

A

Clivus or basilar part (pg. 68)

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15
Q

The 2 bones that are located at the lateral and superior aspect of the cranium and form a large part of the walls of the skull?

A

Parietal bones (2) (pg. 68)

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16
Q

What does parietalis mean in latin?

A

pertaining to walls (pg. 68)

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17
Q

What is the bone that is located at the anterior and superior aspects of the cranium anterior to the parietal bones and form the roof of the orbits (eye sockets)?

A

Frontal bone (1) (pg.68)

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18
Q

What does frons mean in latin?

A

a brow or forehead

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19
Q

What are the 4 structures of the forehead?

A

supraorbital margin
supraorbital notch
squamous part
frontal sinus

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20
Q

What is the part of the frontal bone that forms the superior border of the orbit?

A

Supraorbital margin (pg. 68)

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21
Q

What is the small notch or hole that is found at the medial third of the supraorbital margin

A

Supraorbital notch or foramen (pg. 68)

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22
Q

What part of the frontal bone form the forehead?

A

the squamous part (pg. 68)

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23
Q

What is the space that lies between the orbital and the squamous parts of the frontal bone?

A

frontal sinus (pg. 68)

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24
Q

What are the two bones that lie at the lateral aspect of the cranium and is the weakest part of the cranium?

A

Temporal bones (2) (pg. 68)

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25
Q

What does tempus mean in latin?

A

time

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26
Q

How did the temporal bone receive its name?

A

Because the hair of this region turns gray first, revealing the effects of age and time

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27
Q

What is the thin scalelike superior expansion of the temporal bone forming part of the lateral cranial wall?

A

Squamous part (squama = scale)

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28
Q

What is the long, thin part of the temporal bone that extends anteriorly from the anteroinferior aspect of the squamous part to articulate with the zygomatic bone

A

Zygomatic process (pg. 68)

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29
Q

What is the arch formed by where the temporal bone and the zygomatic bone meet?

A

Zygomatic arch (pg. 68)

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30
Q

What does zygoma mean in Greek?

A

a yoke or bar connecting two parts (pg. 68)

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31
Q

What is the oval depression posterior to the zygomatic arch for articulation with the mandible, specifically the condyloid process of the mandible?

A

Mandibular fossa (pg. 68)

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32
Q

What form the location of the mandibular joint?

A

mandibular fossa (pg. 68)

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33
Q

What is the breast-shaped projection extending inferiorly form the posterior aspect of the temporal bone?

A

Mastoid process (pg. 68-69)

34
Q

What does mastos and oeides mean in Greek?

A

breast and shape

35
Q

What is the large canal posterior to the mandibular fossa that opens into the ear?

A

External auditory meatus (pg. 69)

36
Q

What is the long, slender, pencil-like part of the temporal bone anteriormedial to the external auditory meatus that extends inferiorly?

A

styloid process (pg. 69)

37
Q

What is the hard wedge-shaped portion between the occipital and the sphenoid bones that house the middle and inner ear?

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone (pg. 69)

38
Q

What does petrosus mean in latin?

A

rocky, stony (pg. 69)

39
Q

What is the bone that forms the base of the cranium anterior to the temporalis and occipital and it forms part of the floor and lateral walls of the orbit?

A

The sphenoid bone (1)

40
Q

What does sphen mean in greek?

41
Q

How did the sphenoid bone get its name?

A

It is located, or wedged (sphen) between the cranial and facial bones

42
Q

What is the cubical portion of the sphenoid in the midline of the base of the cranium anterior to the occipital bone?

43
Q

What is the 2 hollowed out portions of the body of the sphenoid?

A

sphenoid air sinuses

44
Q

What is the deep depression on the superior aspect of the body of the sphenoid bone which its posterior border is formed by dorsum sellae?

A

Sella turcica (pg. 69)

45
Q

What does sella turcica mean in latin?

A

Turkish saddle, a saddle with a high back (pg. 69)

46
Q

The portion of the sella turcica which houses the pituitary gland?

A

hypophyseal fossa (pg. 69)

47
Q

What are the two broad lateral extensions from the body of the sphenoid?

A

Greater wings

48
Q

What are the two openings that are found in the greater wings of the sphenoid bone?

A

foramen rotundum

foramen ovale

49
Q

What are the thin triangular projections that extend into the posterior wall of the orbit and form the anterior aspect of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid?

A

lesser wings (pg. 69)

50
Q

What extends inferiorly from the junction of the greater wing and the body of the sphenoid bone?

A

pterygoid process

51
Q

What does the pterygoid process consist of?

A

a medial and lateral pterygoid plate which are seperated posteriorly by an oval fossa= the pterygoid fossa

52
Q

The medial petrygoid plate lies laterally to what?

A

The choanae (pg. 69)

53
Q

What is the sievelike bone at the anterior base of the cranium between the two orbits?

A

Ethmoid bone (1) (Greek ethmos= sieve)

54
Q

What part of the ethmoid forms the anterior aspect of the cranium and has numerous foramina for the passage of nerve fibers?

A

cribriform plate (horizontal plate)

55
Q

What does the cribriform plate surround?

A

vertical crista galli (pg. 69)

56
Q

What is the thin portion of the ethmoid bone that is perpendicular to and extends inferiorly from the cribriform plate to form the superior aspect of the nasal septum?

A

perpendicular plate (of the ethmoid bone) pg. 70

57
Q

What makes up the lateral aspects of the ethmoid and is made of air cells (ethmoid sinuses)?

A

lateral mass (pg. 70)

58
Q

What is the free, convoluted interior margin of the medial plate of the lateral mass of the ethmoid?

A

middle nasal concha (turbinate) (pg. 70)

59
Q

What is the part of the lateral mass of the ethmoid superior to the middle nasal concha and is difficult to see from an anterior view?

A

superior nasal concha (turbinate) (pg. 70)

60
Q

How many facial bones are there?

61
Q

What facial bone forms the upper jaw?

A

maxilla (2) (latin means jaw) (pg. 70)

62
Q

What is the portion of the maxilla that is pyramidal in shape and contains a large air sinus called the maxillary sinus?

63
Q

What is the arch on the inferior border of the maxilla and it bears cavities into which the teeth of the upper jaw are set?

A

alveolar process (pg. 70)

64
Q

The horizontal portion of the maxilla that extends medially to articulate with the contralateral maxilla, forming the hard palate?

A

palatine process (pg. 70)

65
Q

What is the large opening found on the anterior surface of the body inferior to the infraorbital margin?

A

infraorbital foramen

66
Q

What is the horseshoe shaped bone that forms the lower jaw?

A

mandible (1) (chin bone) (mando = I chew in latin)

67
Q

What is the horizontal portion of the mandible?

68
Q

What is portion that projects superiorly from posterior aspect of the body of the mandible?

A

the rami (singular)

69
Q

What is the arch on the superior border of the body of the mandible into which the teeth of the lower jaw are set?

A

alveolar process (of the mandible)

70
Q

What is the opening on the lateral aspect of the body of the mandible that is inferior to the second premolar tooth?

A

mental foramen (pg. 70)

71
Q

What is the portion of the mandible formed by the intersection of the ramus and the body?

72
Q

What is the posterior portion on the superior border of the ramus and articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone?

A

condyloid process (head) (pg. 70)

73
Q

What is the constricted area of the ramus of the mandible inferior to the head?

74
Q

What is the anterior portion of the mandible found on the superior border of the ramus?

A

coronoid process (pg. 70)

75
Q

What is the large central opening on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible?

A

Mandibular foramen (pg. 70)

76
Q

What is the irregular bone that form part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit and helps form the arch that connects to the temporal bone?

A

Zygomatic bone (2) (cheek bone) (pg. 71)

77
Q

What are the 2 small bones that form the anterior superior aspect of the nose (also called the bridge) inferior to the frontal bone

A

nasal bones (2) (nasus= nose in latin)

78
Q

What is the small, curved, irregular, shell-like bone that extends horizontally along the lateral nasal wall superior to the hard palate?

A

inferior nasal conchae (2) (turbinate) (concha= shell in latin) (pg. 71)

79
Q

The small thin irregular bones form the anterior portion of the medial wall of the orbit and are near the tear ducts?

A

Lacrimal bones (2) (lacrimal= tear in latin) (pg. 71)

80
Q

What is the irregular bone that forms the posterior portion of the hard palate posterior to the maxilla?

A

palatine bones (2) (palatum= the palate in latin)

81
Q

What is the vertical irregular bone in the median plane that extends between the hard palate inferiorly to the sphenoid and the ethmoid superiorly?

A

Vomer (1) (vomer= vomit in latin) (pg. 71)

82
Q

Where does the vomer bone derive its name?

A

the bone resembles an ancient plow that “threw up” the earth

Anatomy (10 decks)

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