chp 16 Flashcards
Total Brain Death
complete shut down of the brain
Assisted Suicide
Jack Kevorkian and others made cocktails to kill people
Making available to individuals who wish to commit suicide the means by which they may do so, such as when a physician provides a terminally ill patient who wants to die with enough medication to overdose.
Euthanasia
Literally, “good death”; specifically, hastening, either actively or passively, the death of someone suffering from an incurable illness or injury.
Living will
A document, also called an advance directive, in which people state in advance that they do not wish to have extraordinary medical procedures applied if they are hopelessly ill.
Programmed theories of aging
Theories of biological aging that emphasize the systematic genetic control of aging processes
Damage theories of aging
Theories of the biology of aging that emphasize random, haphazard errors and damage associated with such processes as the production of free radicals as explanations of why we all age and die.
Maximum life span
Theories of the biology of aging that emphasize random, haphazard errors and damage associated with such processes as the production of free radicals as explanations of why we all age and die.
Hayflick Limit
The estimate that human cells can double only 50 times, plus or minus 10, and then will die.
Telomeres
A stretch of DNA that forms the tip of a chromosome and that shortens after each cell division, serving as an aging clock and timing the death of cells.
Epigenetic aging clock
A measure of patterns of DNA methylation that are closely associated with aging.
Free radicals
Chemically unstable byproducts of metabolism that have an unpaired electron and react with other molecules to produce toxic substances that damage cells and contribute to aging.
Antioxidants
Vitamins C, E, and similar substances that may increase longevity, although not for long, by inhibiting the free radical activity associated with oxidation and in turn preventing age-related diseases.
Caloric restriction
A technique demonstrated to extend the life span of laboratory animals involving a highly nutritious but severely calorie-restricted diet.
Denial
A defense mechanism in which anxiety-provoking thoughts are kept out of, or isolated from, conscious awareness.
Bereavement
A state of loss that provides the occasion for grief and mourning.
Grief
The emotional response to loss.
Mourning
Culturally prescribed ways of displaying reactions to a loss.
anticipatory grief
Grieving before death for what is happening and for what lies ahead.
Parkes/Bowlby Attachment Model of Bereavement
Model of grieving describing four predominant reactions to loss of an attachment figure: numbness, yearning, disorganization and despair, and reorganization.
Dual-process model of bereavement
A theory of coping with bereavement in which the bereaved oscillate between loss-oriented coping in which they deal with their emotions, restoration-oriented coping in which they try to manage practical tasks and reorganize their lives, and periods of respite from coping.
Loss-oriented coping
In the dual-process model of bereavement, coping focused on dealing with one’s emotions and reconciling oneself to the loss.
Restoration orientated coping
In the dual-process model of bereavement, coping focused on managing daily living, rethinking one’s life, and mastering new roles and challenges
Complicated grief
An emotional response to a death that is unusually prolonged or intense and that impairs functioning; pathological grief.
Disenfranchised grief
Grief that is not fully recognized or appreciated by other people and therefore may not receive much sympathy and support, as in the loss of a gay partner.
Grief work perspective
The view commonly held, but now challenged, that to cope adaptively with death bereaved people must confront their loss, experience painful emotions, work through these emotions, and move toward a detachment from the deceased.
Continuing bond
Maintenance of attachment to a loved one after the person’s death through reminiscence, use of the person’s possessions, consultation with the deceased, and the like.
Posttramatuic growth
Positive psychological change resulting from highly challenging experiences such as being diagnosed with a life-threatening illness or losing a loved one.
Hospice
A program that supports dying persons and their families through a philosophy of caring rather than curing, either in a facility or at home.
Palliative care
Care aimed not at curing but at meeting the physical, psychological, and spiritual needs of dying patients.
