chp 16

Question 1

Total Brain Death

Answer 1

complete shut down of the brain

Question 1

Assisted Suicide

Answer 1

Jack Kevorkian and others made cocktails to kill people

Making available to individuals who wish to commit suicide the means by which they may do so, such as when a physician provides a terminally ill patient who wants to die with enough medication to overdose.

Question 2

Euthanasia

Answer 2

Literally, “good death”; specifically, hastening, either actively or passively, the death of someone suffering from an incurable illness or injury.

Question 3

Living will

Answer 3

A document, also called an advance directive, in which people state in advance that they do not wish to have extraordinary medical procedures applied if they are hopelessly ill.

Question 4

Programmed theories of aging

Answer 4

Theories of biological aging that emphasize the systematic genetic control of aging processes

Question 5

Damage theories of aging

Answer 5

Theories of the biology of aging that emphasize random, haphazard errors and damage associated with such processes as the production of free radicals as explanations of why we all age and die.

Question 6

Maximum life span

Answer 6

Theories of the biology of aging that emphasize random, haphazard errors and damage associated with such processes as the production of free radicals as explanations of why we all age and die.

Question 7

Hayflick Limit

Answer 7

The estimate that human cells can double only 50 times, plus or minus 10, and then will die.

Question 8

Telomeres

Answer 8

A stretch of DNA that forms the tip of a chromosome and that shortens after each cell division, serving as an aging clock and timing the death of cells.

Question 9

Epigenetic aging clock

Answer 9

A measure of patterns of DNA methylation that are closely associated with aging.

Question 10

Free radicals

Answer 10

Chemically unstable byproducts of metabolism that have an unpaired electron and react with other molecules to produce toxic substances that damage cells and contribute to aging.

Question 11

Antioxidants

Answer 11

Vitamins C, E, and similar substances that may increase longevity, although not for long, by inhibiting the free radical activity associated with oxidation and in turn preventing age-related diseases.

Question 12

Caloric restriction

Answer 12

A technique demonstrated to extend the life span of laboratory animals involving a highly nutritious but severely calorie-restricted diet.

Question 13

Denial

Answer 13

A defense mechanism in which anxiety-provoking thoughts are kept out of, or isolated from, conscious awareness.

Question 14

Bereavement

Answer 14

A state of loss that provides the occasion for grief and mourning.

Question 15

Grief

Answer 15

The emotional response to loss.

Question 16

Mourning

Answer 16

Culturally prescribed ways of displaying reactions to a loss.

Question 17

anticipatory grief

Answer 17

Grieving before death for what is happening and for what lies ahead.

Question 18

Parkes/Bowlby Attachment Model of Bereavement

Answer 18

Model of grieving describing four predominant reactions to loss of an attachment figure: numbness, yearning, disorganization and despair, and reorganization.

Question 19

Dual-process model of bereavement

Answer 19

A theory of coping with bereavement in which the bereaved oscillate between loss-oriented coping in which they deal with their emotions, restoration-oriented coping in which they try to manage practical tasks and reorganize their lives, and periods of respite from coping.

Question 20

Loss-oriented coping

Answer 20

In the dual-process model of bereavement, coping focused on dealing with one’s emotions and reconciling oneself to the loss.

Question 21

Restoration orientated coping

Answer 21

In the dual-process model of bereavement, coping focused on managing daily living, rethinking one’s life, and mastering new roles and challenges

Question 22

Complicated grief

Answer 22

An emotional response to a death that is unusually prolonged or intense and that impairs functioning; pathological grief.

Question 23

Disenfranchised grief

Answer 23

Grief that is not fully recognized or appreciated by other people and therefore may not receive much sympathy and support, as in the loss of a gay partner.

Question 24

Grief work perspective

Answer 24

The view commonly held, but now challenged, that to cope adaptively with death bereaved people must confront their loss, experience painful emotions, work through these emotions, and move toward a detachment from the deceased.

Question 25

Continuing bond

Answer 25

Maintenance of attachment to a loved one after the person’s death through reminiscence, use of the person’s possessions, consultation with the deceased, and the like.

Question 26

Posttramatuic growth

Answer 26

Positive psychological change resulting from highly challenging experiences such as being diagnosed with a life-threatening illness or losing a loved one.

Question 27

Hospice

Answer 27

A program that supports dying persons and their families through a philosophy of caring rather than curing, either in a facility or at home.

Question 28

Palliative care

Answer 28

Care aimed not at curing but at meeting the physical, psychological, and spiritual needs of dying patients.