Chp 13 Flashcards
Primary Emotion
One of the distinct basic emotions that emerges within the first 6 months of life universally (joy, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, fear).
Self-Conscious Emotion
A “secondary emotion” such as embarrassment or pride that requires an awareness of self; unlikely to emerge until about 18 months of age.
Social Referencing
Infants’ monitoring of companions’ emotional reactions in ambiguous situations and use of this information to decide how they should feel and behave.
Emotion Regulation
The processes involved in initiating, maintaining, and altering emotional responses.
Emotional Competence
Mastery of emotions in terms of appropriate expression of emotions, understanding of emotions and what triggers them, and ability to regulate emotions
Emotional Display Rules
Cultural rules specifying what emotions should and should not be expressed under what circumstances (e.g., “look pleased when you receive a lousy gift”).
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
Carstensen’s notion that our needs change as we grow older and that we actively choose to narrow our range of social partners to those who can best meet our emotional needs.
Positivity Effect
The tendency of older adults to pay more attention to, better remember, and put more priority on positive information than on negative information
Attachment Theory
Theory of close relationships developed by Bowlby and Ainsworth and grounded in ethological theory (with psychoanalytic theory and cognitive theory); it says that close emotional bonds such as parent–child attachments are biologically based and contribute to species survival.
Attachment
A strong affectional tie that binds a person to an intimate companion and is characterized by affection and a desire to maintain proximity.
Imprinting
An innate form of learning in which the young of certain species will follow and become attached to moving objects (usually their mothers) during a critical period early in life.
Internal Working Model
In attachment theory, cognitive representation of self and other that children construct from their interactions with caregivers and that shape their expectations about relationships.
Peer
A social equal; a person who functions at a level of behavioral complexity similar to that of the self, often someone of similar age.
Chumship
According to neo-Freudian Harry Stack Sullivan, a close friendship in childhood that provides emotional support and teaches children how to participate in intimate relationships.
Bonding
As distinguished from attachment, a more biologically-based process in which parent and infant form a connection through contact in the first hours after birth when both are highly alert.
Synchronized Routine
Harmonious, dancelike interaction between infant and caregiver in which each adjusts behavior in response to that of the other.
Goal-Corrected Partnership
In Bowlby’s attachment theory, the most mature phase of attachment in which parent and child accommodate to each other’s needs and the child becomes more independent.
Separation Anxiety
A wary or fretful reaction that infants display when separated from their attachment objects.
Stranger Anxiety
A wary or fretful reaction that infants often display when approached by an unfamiliar person.
Secure Base
Point of safety, represented by an infant’s attachment figure, that permits exploration of the environment.
