Chp 1 Lecture Notes Flashcards
Smallest units of matter
Atoms
Chemical level
Simplest level of organization. Composed of atoms and molecules.
Covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities
Epithelial cells
Physical states of connective tissue
Solid (bone), liquid (blood), and intermediate (cartilage)
Conducts impulses for internal communication
Nervous tissue
Differentiation
Growth and development
Regulation happens primarily through
Negative feed back
Integumentary system
Site of cutaneous receptors, temp regulation, vitamin d production, and prevents water loss
Skeletal system stores what?
Calcium and phosphorus
Name for blood cell production
Hematopoiesis
Situs solitus / situs inversus
Organs are in normal place / Left and Right reversal effect 1/8000
Rostral
Toward the nose or forehead
Ipsilateral
On the same side
Contralateral
On the opposite side
Pes
Foot
Serous Membrane: Parietal Layer
Lines the internal surface of the cavity
Serous Membrane: Visceral Layer
Covers viscera (internal organs)
Membrane that reduces friction
Serous
Two layered serous membrane that lines the lungs
Pleura
Parietal pleura
It lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall
Visceral pleura
It covers the external surface of the lung
Plural cavity
The narrow, moist, “potential space” between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura
Mediastinum
The middle space in the thoracic cavity. Contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart.
Pericardium
Two layered serous membrane that encloses the heart.
Visceral pericardium
Layer of serous fluid that is on the heart
Parietal pericardium
Serous membrane that lines the mediastinum.
Serous membrane that is inside the abdominopelvic cavity
The peritoneum
Serous membrane that lines the abdominal pelvic cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Serous membrane that lines the viscera
Visceral peritoneum
Three superior abdominal compartments
Right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region
Middle abdominal compartments
Right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region
Inferior abdominal compartments
Right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region.
Radiography
X-rays. Can’t show soft tissues but will show dense tissues like bone, teeth, and tumors. Disadvantage is overlapping images.
Ultrasound / Sonography
No harmful effects. Not very sharp image.
DSA
Digital subtraction angiography. Used to see blockages for angioplasty.
CT Scan
Computed tomography. Low-dose x-rays. Use for tumors, aneurysms, kidney stones, cerebral hemorrhages, etc.
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging. Visualizes soft tissue. No radiation. Can be used for muscle and brain activity (not hemorrhage)
