Chp 1 Flashcards
Pharmacology draws from what?
Anatomy, Physiology, Psychology, Chemistry and Microbiology
Is there a such thing as bad drugs?
No
What is pharmacology?
The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems.
What is clinical pharmacology?
The study of drugs in humans.
What is therapeutics?
The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent or treat disease. Ex: lasix
What is an ideal drug?
An ideal drug is used for a specific disease. Ex: Pantanza- crohns
What is an “off label” drug?
A drug that is used for one specific disease but works for something else as well.
What are the three most important properties of an ideal drug?
- Effectiveness- does it work
- Safety- no such thing as a safe drug
- Selectivity- all medications cause side effects
Is there such thing as an ideal drug?
No
What are other properties of an ideal drug?
Reversible action, predictability, ease of administration, no drug interactions, low cost, chemical stability, simple generic name
What is the therapeutic objective?
” To provide maximum benefit w/ minimum harm”
What are the factors that determine the intensity of drug responses?
Administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, sources of individual variation
Prescribed dose –> administered dose –> concetration at sites of action—> intensity of responses
Most errors occur between prescribed and administered
What are sources of individual variation?
- Physiologic variables- age, weight, interaction
- Pathologic variables- diminished function of liver and kidney
- genetic variables- can alter metabolism
- drug
What is pharmokinetics?
It determines how much of an administered dose gets to a site of action. THE IMPACT OF THE BODY ON DRUGS.
What are the 4 major processes of pharmokinetics?
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism- liver (mets)
- Excretion- Kidneys
What is pharmacodynamics?
THE IMPACT OF DRUGS ON THE BODY
- drug receptor interaction
- patient’s functional state
- placebo effects
What is a drug?
Any chemical that can affect living processes
