choosing a statistical test - A-level

Question 1

statistical test definition

Answer 1

used to determine is a significant difference or correlation exists, and consequently if the null hypothesis should be accepted or rejected

Question 2

sign test defintion

Answer 2

statistical test used for a difference in scores between two related items. data should be at least nominal

Question 3

levels of measurement definition

Answer 3

quantitative data can be classified into types or levels of measurement such as nominal, ordinal or interval

Question 4

spearman’s rho definition

Answer 4

a test for a correlation when data is at least ordinal level

Question 5

person’s r definition

Answer 5

a parametric test for a correlation when data is at interval level

Question 6

wilcoxon definition

Answer 6

test for a difference between two sets of scores. data should be at least ordinal and use a related design

Question 7

mann- whitney definition

Answer 7

test for a difference between two sets or scores. data should be at least ordinal and use an unrelated design

Question 8

related t-test definition

Answer 8

parametric test for a difference between two sets of scores. data must be interval level with a related design such as repeated measures or matched pairs

Question 9

unrelated t-test

Answer 9

parametric test for a difference between two sets of scores. data must be interval level with an unrelated design

Question 10

chi-squared definition

Answer 10

test for an associated between two variables or conditions. data should be nominal level using and unrelated design

Question 11

what do the results of a stats test show

Answer 11

is the null hypothesis should be accepted or rejected and therefore if the difference is statistically significant

Question 12

what factors are needed when deciding to use a statistical test

Answer 12

-if it is a difference or correlation
-in the case of difference, what experimental design is being used
-level of measurement

Question 13

how can you tell if it is a difference or correlation

Answer 13

from the wording of the hypothesis

Question 14

what designs are related designs

Answer 14

repeated measures and matched pairs

Question 15

what designs are unrelated designs

Answer 15

independent groups

Question 16

how many conditions do repeated measures participants do

Answer 16

all conditions

Question 17

how many conditions do matched pairs do

Answer 17

one condition but are matched on a variable making them related

Question 18

how many conditions do independent groups do

Answer 18

one condition

Question 19

conditions for chi-squared

Answer 19

-test of difference
-unrelated design
- nominal data

Question 20

conditions for mann-whitney

Answer 20

-test of difference
-unrelated design
-ordinal data

Question 21

conditions for unrelated t-test

Answer 21

-test of difference
-unrelated design
-interval data

Question 22

conditions for sign test

Answer 22

-test of difference
-related design
-nominal data

Question 23

conditions for wilcoxon

Answer 23

-test of difference
-related design
-ordinal data

Question 24

conditions for related t-test

Answer 24

-test of difference
-related design
-interval data

Question 25

conditions for chi-squared

Answer 25

-correlation
-nominal data

Question 26

conditions for spearman’s rho

Answer 26

-correlation
-ordinal data

Question 27

conditions for pearson’s r

Answer 27

-correlation
-interval data

Question 28

what test?
-test of difference
-unrelated design
- nominal data

Answer 28

chi-squared

Question 29

what test?
-test of difference
-unrelated design
-ordinal data

Answer 29

mann-whitney

Question 30

what test?
-test of difference
-unrelated design
-interval data

Answer 30

unrelated t-test

Question 31

what test?
-test of difference
-related design
-nominal data

Answer 31

sign test

Question 32

what test?
-test of difference
-related design
-ordinal data

Answer 32

wilcoxon

Question 33

what test?
-test of difference
-related design
-interval data

Answer 33

related t-test

Question 34

what test?
-correlation
-nominal data

Answer 34

chi-squared

Question 35

what test?
-correlation
-ordinal data

Answer 35

spearman’s rho

Question 36

what are the 3 levels of measurement

Answer 36

-nominal
-ordinal
-interval

Question 37

how is nominal data represented

Answer 37

in the form of categories

Question 38

is nominal data discrete

Answer 38

yes as only that one item can appear in one of the categories, for example if asked to name favourite football player the vote only appears in one category

Question 39

how is ordinal data represented

Answer 39

rating scales

Question 40

what is ordinal data

Answer 40

does not have equal intervals between each unit. lacks precision as is based on subjective opinion not an objective measure such as what is 4 and 8 on rating scale will mean different things to different people

Question 41

how is ordinal data used in an IQ test

Answer 41

questions are derived from view of what constitutes intelligence rather than any universal measurement

Question 42

how are questionnaires and psychological test using ordinal data

Answer 42

do not measure something real as do not measure physical entities and measure psychological constructs

Question 43

why is ordinal data sometimes referred to as ‘unsafe’ data

Answer 43

lacks precision, due to unsafe nature is not used in statistical testing and instead raw scores are converted to ranks and the scores are not used in the calculation

Question 44

what is interval data

Answer 44

based on numerical scales that include units of equal, precise and defined size

Question 45

why is interval data ‘better’ than ordinal data

Answer 45

detail is preserved

Question 46

what sort of things is interval data used for

Answer 46

take measurements with things such as a stopwatch or thermometer that produce measurements based on accepted units of measurements

Question 47

precision of interval data

Answer 47

most precise and sophisticated form of data in psychology and is necessary for parametric tests