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Pharmacology > Cholinergic Antagonist > Flashcards

Cholinergic Antagonist Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine

A

三級氨
Class 5 心律不整藥物

散瞳劑
麻醉前給藥
Reduce bronchi secretion
解痙攣劑
Antidote for cholinesterase overdose
有機磷中毒解毒劑
Anti GI & bladder spasm

Treat
假性近視
Bradycardia

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2
Q

Scopolamine

A

三級氨

Cause
Blocking short-term memory

Treat
Motion sickness 暈車藥

禁忌
青光眼
BPH
心臟疾患

Side effect
視力模糊
口乾
便秘
尿滯留
心跳加快
體溫上升

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3
Q

Tropicamide

A

散瞳劑 （時效最短

Treat
假性近視

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4
Q

Cyclopentolate

A

散瞳劑

Treat
假性近視

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5
Q

Ipratropium

A

M3 blocker

Treat
COPD
Asthma
Rhinorrhea

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6
Q

Tiotropium

A

M3 blocker

Treat
COPD
Asthma
Rhinorrhea

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7
Q

Dicyclomine

A

M3 antagonist
止瀉藥

Cause
Reduce GI motility

禁忌
青光眼
BPH
心臟疾患

Side effect
視力模糊
口乾
便秘
尿滯留
心跳加快
體溫上升

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8
Q

Pirenzepine

A

M1 antagonist

Cause
Reduce GI secretion

Treat
胃潰瘍

禁忌
青光眼
BPH
心臟疾患

Side effect
視力模糊
口乾
便秘
尿滯留
心跳加快
體溫上升

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9
Q

Hexmethonium

A

Nn blocker
直接阻塞Na 通道

Cause
Decrease BP, increase HR

Treat
Chronic hypertension

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10
Q

Trimethaphan

A

Nn blocker
Compete with ACh
Non-depolarizing
急救用（IV)

Treat
Emergency hypertension 惡性高血壓
腎上腺髓瘤
高血壓腦病
主動脈剝離
腦出血

Side effect
姿勢性低血壓
尿滯留
口乾

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11
Q

Mecamylamine

A

Nn blocker
Cross BBB
Non-depolarizing

Treat
Hypertension
Quit smoking addiction

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12
Q

Tubocurarine

A

Nm blocker
Isoquinoline derivative (release histamine)
Non depolarizing
臨床不用

Cause
Histamine release
Reduce BP
Increase HR

肌肉鬆弛劑

Antidote
AChE inhibitor

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13
Q

Atracurium

A

Nm blocker
Isoquinoline derivatives
Hofmann elimination

Cause
Release laudonosine leads to seizure, flushing, reduced BP, increase HR, bronchoconstriction

肌肉鬆弛劑

Antidote
AChE inhibitor (neostigmine)

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14
Q

Cisatracurium

A

Nm blocker
Isoquinoline derivatives
Hofmann elimination

肌肉鬆弛劑

Antidote
AChE inhibitor （Neostigmine)

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15
Q

Mivacurium

A

Nm blocker
Shortest duration
不能用AChE inhibitor as antidote

Nondepolarizing 肌肉鬆弛劑

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16
Q

Vecuronium

A

Nm blocker
Steroid derivatives

肌肉鬆弛劑

Antidote
Sugammadex

17
Q

Rocuronium

A

Nm blocker
Steroid derivative

肌肉鬆弛劑

Antidote
Sugammadex

18
Q

Pancuronium

A

Nm blocker
無histamine 釋放
Cause
BP and HR increase (vagolytic action)

肌肉鬆弛劑

用neostigmine 解毒

19
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Depolarizing blocker
Phase I (depolarizing)
Phase II (desensitizing)
Onset fast, duration short

肌肉鬆弛劑

Side effect
Hyperkalemia
Malignant hyperthermia (RyR1 mutation) 用dantrolene 治

不可用neostigmine 解毒，等AChE代謝
孕婦小心使用

20
Q

Diazepam

A

GABAa
Open Cl channel
Benzodiazepine (BZD)

Treat
慢性痙攣

鎮靜安眠藥
解痙劑

21
Q

Baclofen

A

GABAb
K channel open, Ca channel close
解痙劑

Cause
Decrease glutamate
Decrease substance P
Decrease motor neuron activity

Treat
急性痙攣(落枕)
打嗝

22
Q

Metoclopromide

A

Treat
打嗝

23
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

H1 D2 M1 blocker

Treat
打嗝
精神分裂 (Amphetamine副作用）

24
Q

Tizanidine

A

Alpha 2

Cause
Reduce CNS glutamate
Decrease motor
Little 降血壓

解痙攣藥

25
Q

Dantrolene

A

RyR1 blocker
抑制骨骼肌內Ca釋出

Treat
Malignant hyperthermia 惡性高溫

26
Q

Botulinum toxin 肉毒

A

不可逆inhibit ACh release
解痙劑

Treat
腦性麻痺
皺紋
食道弛緩不能

27
Q

Chlorzoxazone

A

CNS

Treat
急性局部痙攣(落枕）

Side effect
嗜睡

28
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

CNS
解痙劑

Treat
急性局部痙攣(落枕）

Side effect
嗜睡

29
Q

Homatropine

A

睫狀肌麻痹
散瞳 （眼底鏡檢查）

30
Q

Propantheline

A

M13 antagonist
Decrease GI action

Treat
胃潰瘍

禁忌
青光眼
BPH
心臟疾患

Side effect
視力模糊
口乾
便秘
尿滯留
心跳加快
體溫上升

31
Q

Clidinium

A

Treat
腹絞痛
腸躁症

禁忌
青光眼
BPH
心臟疾患

Side effect
視力模糊
口乾
便秘
尿滯留
心跳加快
體溫上升

32
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Treat
尿失禁

33
Q

Decamethonium

A

Depolarizing agent

肌肉鬆弛劑

Side effect
心律不整（with halothane)
惡性高溫（用dantrolene 治）
Hyperkalemia
無力肢體麻痺

不可用neostigmine 解毒，等AChE代謝
孕婦小心使用

34
Q

Hemicholinium

A

抑制神經吸收choline
ACh釋放 decrease

解痙劑

35
Q

Tetrodotoxin (TTX)

A

河豚毒素
抑制鈉離子通道, inhibit AP
解痙劑

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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