Cholesterol Metabolism Flashcards
gallstone that blocked the upper part of the bile duct would cause an increase in which of the following
Excretion of fats in the feces
in contrast to secondary bile salts which of the following is not a characteristic of primary bile salts
a) hydroxylated at position 17
b) have an oxidized side chain
c) can be conjugated to taurine and glycine
d) are re-absorbed in the intestine
e) formed from cholyl coA
are hydroxylated at position 17
in the conversion of cholesterol to bile salts, which of the following statements, best describes the process
The site chain can be conjugated with glycine or taurine
which of the following statements best describe low density lipoprotein
a) it has the most triacylglycerol and the least protein
b) it has more triacylglycerol than very low density lipoprotein
c) it has the lowest triacylglycerol content
d) it has the highest protein content
e) it has the highest cholesterol content
It has the highest cholesterol content
Which proteins are the major carriers of triacylglycerol?
Chylomicrons and VLDL
how does inhibition of HMG coA reductase cause the lowering of cholesterol and LDL levels
It inhibits the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis
A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries of his legs. high levels of cholesterol, and LDL contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis which of the following is digested to form LDL
IDL
patient presents low red blood cell count, corneal opacities, and kidney insufficiency. She has been diagnosed with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase LCAT deficiency. in which of the following reactions LCAT is involved.
Converting cholesterol to cholesteryl esters
which of the following is not hypolipidemic drug?
a)Statin
b) Niacin
c) Folic acid
d) Clofibrate
e) Ezetimibe
Folic acid
The synthesis of HMG coA can take place
In the cytoplasm of all mammalian cells
which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol Ester transfer protein
Exchanges cholesterol Ester from HDL to other lipoproteins
which of the following are not lipotropic agents?
a) essential amino acids
b) essential fatty acids
c) vitamin A C and E
d) biotin, and pantothenic acid
e) synthetic antioxidants
biotin and pantothenic acid
cholesterol is a precursor of all of the following, except
a) Taurocholate
b) Glycocholate
c)Calcitriol
d) corticosteroids
e) Calcitonin
Calcitonin
all 27 carbon atoms of cholesterol are derived from
Acetyl coA
cytosolic HMG COA is reduced to MevaLonate for the synthesis of cholesterol the enzyme catalyzing this irreversible step is.
HMG CoA reducatase
Which statement best describes ACAT
requires mono unsaturated fatty acid for esterification of cholesterol
which out of the following statement is incorrect about bile salts
a) major constituent of bile
b) solubilize, dietary lipids
c) major breakdown, products of cholesterol
d) Taurocholate is the major bile salt
e) bile salts are highly effective detergents
Taurocholate is the major bile salt
A deficiency of apoprotein C II results in the disease, hyperlipoproteinnemia type I in which there is a significant increase in the concentration of plasma tryacylglycerol which of the following is true about the condition
Plasma appears milky
Which of the following lipid lowering drugs act by inhibiting the absorption of dietary cholesterol
Ezetimibe
in familial hypercholesterolemia cholesterol is deposited and various tissue because of the high concentration of LDL cholesterol in the plasma. Of particular concern is the oxidation of the excess blood LDL to form oxidized LDL. The oxidized LDL is taken up by immune systems called macrophages, which become in guards to form foam cells which statement describes the formation of foam cells
LDL receptors for modified LDL are not down regulated
free cholesterol can affect cholesterol metabolism in the body by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. the step at which free cholesterol inhibits its biosynthesis by inhibiting, which of the following processes
Formation of mevalonate from hydroxymethylutaryl CoA
A patient with hereditary type I hyperlipidemia presents with elevated levels of Chylomicrons and VLDL triglycerides in the blood. The main function of the chylomicron in circulation is to do, which of the following.
Transport, dietary lipids from the intestine to target tissues
The modification to bile salts that increase the working pH range and amphiphatic nature of bile salts is
Conjugation to taurine or glycine
which of the following compounds directly inhibits the expression of the HMG coA reductase gene
Cholesterol
Which of the following vitamins can be used in high doses to treat hypercholesterolemia
Niacin
Milky plasma is due to which lipoprotein
Chylomicrons
patient with uncontrolled type I diabetes mellitus reveal hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The most likely cause of hypertriglyceridemia in the patient is which of the following.
Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity
Which of the following vitamins can be used in high doses to treat hypercholesterolemia
Niacin
