Cholesterol Metabolism

Question 1

gallstone that blocked the upper part of the bile duct would cause an increase in which of the following

Answer 1

Excretion of fats in the feces

Question 2

in contrast to secondary bile salts which of the following is not a characteristic of primary bile salts
a) hydroxylated at position 17
b) have an oxidized side chain
c) can be conjugated to taurine and glycine
d) are re-absorbed in the intestine
e) formed from cholyl coA

Answer 2

are hydroxylated at position 17

Question 3

in the conversion of cholesterol to bile salts, which of the following statements, best describes the process

Answer 3

The site chain can be conjugated with glycine or taurine

Question 4

which of the following statements best describe low density lipoprotein
a) it has the most triacylglycerol and the least protein
b) it has more triacylglycerol than very low density lipoprotein
c) it has the lowest triacylglycerol content
d) it has the highest protein content
e) it has the highest cholesterol content

Answer 4

It has the highest cholesterol content

Question 5

Which proteins are the major carriers of triacylglycerol?

Answer 5

Chylomicrons and VLDL

Question 6

how does inhibition of HMG coA reductase cause the lowering of cholesterol and LDL levels

Answer 6

It inhibits the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries of his legs. high levels of cholesterol, and LDL contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis which of the following is digested to form LDL

Answer 7

IDL

Question 8

patient presents low red blood cell count, corneal opacities, and kidney insufficiency. She has been diagnosed with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase LCAT deficiency. in which of the following reactions LCAT is involved.

Answer 8

Converting cholesterol to cholesteryl esters

Question 9

which of the following is not hypolipidemic drug?
a)Statin
b) Niacin
c) Folic acid
d) Clofibrate
e) Ezetimibe

Answer 9

Folic acid

Question 10

The synthesis of HMG coA can take place

Answer 10

In the cytoplasm of all mammalian cells

Question 11

which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol Ester transfer protein

Answer 11

Exchanges cholesterol Ester from HDL to other lipoproteins

Question 12

which of the following are not lipotropic agents?
a) essential amino acids
b) essential fatty acids
c) vitamin A C and E
d) biotin, and pantothenic acid
e) synthetic antioxidants

Answer 12

biotin and pantothenic acid

Question 13

cholesterol is a precursor of all of the following, except
a) Taurocholate
b) Glycocholate
c)Calcitriol
d) corticosteroids
e) Calcitonin

Answer 13

Calcitonin

Question 14

all 27 carbon atoms of cholesterol are derived from

Answer 14

Acetyl coA

Question 15

cytosolic HMG COA is reduced to MevaLonate for the synthesis of cholesterol the enzyme catalyzing this irreversible step is.

Answer 15

HMG CoA reducatase

Question 16

Which statement best describes ACAT

Answer 16

requires mono unsaturated fatty acid for esterification of cholesterol

Question 17

which out of the following statement is incorrect about bile salts
a) major constituent of bile
b) solubilize, dietary lipids
c) major breakdown, products of cholesterol
d) Taurocholate is the major bile salt
e) bile salts are highly effective detergents

Answer 17

Taurocholate is the major bile salt

Question 18

A deficiency of apoprotein C II results in the disease, hyperlipoproteinnemia type I in which there is a significant increase in the concentration of plasma tryacylglycerol which of the following is true about the condition

Answer 18

Plasma appears milky

Question 19

Which of the following lipid lowering drugs act by inhibiting the absorption of dietary cholesterol

Answer 19

Ezetimibe

Question 20

in familial hypercholesterolemia cholesterol is deposited and various tissue because of the high concentration of LDL cholesterol in the plasma. Of particular concern is the oxidation of the excess blood LDL to form oxidized LDL. The oxidized LDL is taken up by immune systems called macrophages, which become in guards to form foam cells which statement describes the formation of foam cells

Answer 20

LDL receptors for modified LDL are not down regulated

Question 21

free cholesterol can affect cholesterol metabolism in the body by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. the step at which free cholesterol inhibits its biosynthesis by inhibiting, which of the following processes

Answer 21

Formation of mevalonate from hydroxymethylutaryl CoA

Question 22

A patient with hereditary type I hyperlipidemia presents with elevated levels of Chylomicrons and VLDL triglycerides in the blood. The main function of the chylomicron in circulation is to do, which of the following.

Answer 22

Transport, dietary lipids from the intestine to target tissues

Question 23

The modification to bile salts that increase the working pH range and amphiphatic nature of bile salts is

Answer 23

Conjugation to taurine or glycine

Question 24

which of the following compounds directly inhibits the expression of the HMG coA reductase gene

Answer 24

Cholesterol

Question 25

Which of the following vitamins can be used in high doses to treat hypercholesterolemia

Answer 25

Niacin

Question 26

Milky plasma is due to which lipoprotein

Answer 26

Chylomicrons

Question 27

patient with uncontrolled type I diabetes mellitus reveal hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The most likely cause of hypertriglyceridemia in the patient is which of the following.

Answer 27

Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity

Question 28

Which of the following vitamins can be used in high doses to treat hypercholesterolemia

Answer 28

Niacin