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3/4 Revolutions > China AOS1 Stats > Flashcards

China AOS1 Stats Flashcards

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1
Q

How much area does China cover?

A

9.2 million km2

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2
Q

What % do mountain ranges cover and how much viable farm land does this leave?

A

60% mountain range
15-20% farm land

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3
Q

What % of the population are Han and how many different languages are spoken?

A

90% Han
55 languages

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4
Q

What % of the population to peasants make up?

A

80%

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5
Q

Timeline of peasant population increase from 1700s to 1850s:

A

1700: 200 mill
1800: 300 mill
1850: 450 mill

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6
Q

How much land did peasants own?

A

17%

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7
Q

What % were the landlords and what % of land did they own in the 1850s and 1930s?

A

1850s: 60% land

1930s: 4% population, 50% land

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8
Q

When was the century of shame?

A

1849-1949

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9
Q

When was the Taiping Rebellion and how many people were killed?

A

1850-1864
30-50 million killed

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10
Q

Between what years was the New Government period?

A

1901-1909

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11
Q

When did Sun create the Revive China Society?

A

1894

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12
Q

When were the Three Principles of the People made?

A

1905

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13
Q

Under Sun’s democracy transition plan, how many years of military dictatorship were required?

A

3 years

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14
Q

Under Sun’s democracy transition plan, how many years of ‘tutelage period’ were required?

A

6 years

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15
Q

When was Tongmenghui (Revolutionary Alliance) formed?

A

Sept 1905

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16
Q

By what year, how many members had contacts in provinces?

A

1906, 10,000 members

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17
Q

Between what years did 3 out 4 major rebellions occur?

A

1908-1911

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18
Q

When did the Xinhai Revolution occur?

A

10 October 1911

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19
Q

Within how many, how many provinces declared independence during the Xinhai Revolution?

A

6 weeks
24 provinces

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20
Q

When was the Provisional Government proclaimed during the Xinhai revolution?

A

29 December 1911

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21
Q

When did Sun become the provisional president during the Xinhai Revolution?

A

1st January 1912

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22
Q

When did the Qing Dynasty accept that they lost the Mandate of Heaven?

A

12 February 1912

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23
Q

When did parliament elections occur in Yuan’s government?

A

Jan 1913

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24
Q

When did Yuan pressure how many GMD members to resign and when was Song assassinated?

A

June 1912, 4 GMD members forced to resign

March 1913 assassination of Song

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25
Q

When did Yuan secure the Reorganisation Loan and how much did he secure?

A

April 1913 he secured $100 million foreign money

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26
Q

How much yuan worth of debt did Yuan have per month?

A

13 million yuan/month of debt

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27
Q

When did the GMD backed province declare independence from Yuan’s government and how long did it take for how many other provinces to rebel?

A

July 1913 GMD backed province declared independence

1 month later, 6 other provinces rebelled

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28
Q

When was the GMD banned under Yuan?

A

4 Nov 1913

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29
Q

When were national & provincial parliaments dissolved under Yuan?

A

Jan 1914

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30
Q

When did Yuan extend his presidency and how long to?

A

May 1914

President term extended from 5 years to 10 years

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31
Q

When were the 21 Demands delivered?

A

18 Jan 1915

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32
Q

When was the ‘day of shame’ after the acceptance of the 21 Demands?

A

7 May 1915

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33
Q

When did Yuan assume the title of emperor?

A

1 Jan 1916

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34
Q

How many were for Yuan becoming emperor and how many were against?

A

1993 For
0 Against

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35
Q

When did Yuan renounce his claim to the throne?

A

March 1916

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36
Q

When did Yuan die?

A

June 1916

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37
Q

When was the New Cultural Movement?

A

mid 1910s

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38
Q

When was the New Youth journal founded?

A

1915

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39
Q

When did China enter WW1?

A

1917

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40
Q

When was the secret agreement made that gave German concessions in China to Japan?

A

1918

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41
Q

When was the May Fourth Movement?

A

May 4 1919

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42
Q

How many students gathered in Tiananmen Square during the May Fourth Movement?

A

3000

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43
Q

How many student leaders were arrested during the May Fourth Movement?

A

30

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44
Q

How many universities participated in the May Fourth Movement?

A

12

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45
Q

How long did it take for how many provinces to start protesting after the May Fourth Movement?

A

1 month
20 provinces

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46
Q

How many towns & cities had protests and strikes following the May Fourth Movement?

A

100+

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47
Q

When and how many workers went on strike in Shanghai following the May Fourth Movement?

A

June 1919
100,000

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48
Q

When was there a conflict between the northern warlords?

A

late 1924

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49
Q

When did Sun Yatsen die?

A

12 March 1925

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50
Q

When did British guards fire on protestors in Shanghai and how many did they kill?

A

30th May 1925
Killed 11 men

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51
Q

How many protestors were killed in Gangzhou for the ‘May 30 Martyrs’?

A

52

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52
Q

When did the Shanghai Worker’s Union call a general strike and how many workers and students participated and for how long?

A

1st June 1925
200,000 workers
50000 students
lasted 2 months

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53
Q

How many members did the CCP have by the start of 1927?

A

57,000

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54
Q

How many workers and students were involved in strikes total by the start of 1927?

A

17 million

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55
Q

When was Liao Zhongkai (GMD pro United Front) assassinated?

A

20th August 1925

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56
Q

When the communist gunboat alleged to have kidnapped Jiang?

A

20th March 1926

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57
Q

When was Jiang elected Chairman of GMD?

A

July 1926

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58
Q

When was the mobilization of the Northern Expedition announced?

A

1st July 1926

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59
Q

When did the Nationalist Revolutionary Army march North?

A

27th July 1926

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60
Q

How many troops and Huangpu officers were in the NRA?

A

85,000 troops
6,000 Huangpu officers

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61
Q

How many combined warlord troops were there?

A

750,000 troops

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62
Q

By what year had Jiang’s army increased in size and started marching on Nanjing and Shanghai?

A

1927

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63
Q

When was the creation of Comintern?

A

March 1919

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64
Q

When did the Comintern agents arrive in China?

A

April 1920

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65
Q

When was the First National Party Congress and how many delegates went?

A

July 1921 - 12 delegates from cells across China and Japan

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66
Q

How large was the Chinese Communist Party at the time of the First National Congress?

A

only 57 in a population of 400 Million

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67
Q

When did the National Assembly gather in the southern city of Guangzhou to elect Sun as the grand marshal of a new military govt?

A

August + September 1917

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68
Q

When did Sun return to Guangzhou to build a new govt. with General Chen Jiongming?

A

May 1921

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69
Q

When did Sun meet with Comintern agent Maring and Joffe to discuss the reorganisation of the GMD?

A

August 1922

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70
Q

When did the Sun-Joffe declaration occur?

A

26 January 1923

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71
Q

When was the first National Congress of the reorganised GMD?

A

29-30 January 1923

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72
Q

How many of the seats of the new GMD Central Executive Committee were given to the communists?

A

24

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73
Q

When was the Huangpu Military Academy founded?

A

1 May 1924

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74
Q

When did Jiang Jieshi return from the USSR?

A

3 May 1924

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75
Q

When did Borodin move the government to Wuhan?

A

1st Jan 1927

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76
Q

When did Nationalist troops march on Shanghai?

A

March 1927

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77
Q

When did Wang & Chen issue a joint statement reaffirming the FUF?

A

April 1927

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78
Q

When did Big Ears Du send how many men into Shanghai working class districts?

A

12th April 1927
2000 man militia

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79
Q

How many communists were killed in the Shanghai Massacre?

A

5-10,000

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80
Q

When was Jiang expelled from the GMD following the Shanghai Massacre?

A

17th April 1927

81
Q

When did the FUF offially end?

A

15th July 1927

82
Q

When was Jiang asked to become leader of GMD?

A

late 1927

83
Q

When did Jiang return to Nanjing?

A

1st Jan 1928

84
Q

When were the first uprisings launched against the Nationalists?

A

1st Aug 1927

85
Q

How long did it take for the Nationalists to recapture Nanchang?

A

4 days

86
Q

When was the Autumn Harvest Uprising?

A

7-13 Sept 1927

87
Q

When did the CCP seize control of Guangzhou and how long did they last and how many were killed?

A

11th Dec 1927
2 days
5700

88
Q

What had the CCP membership from and to by the late 1920s?

A

57,000-10,000

89
Q

When was the Sixth Party Congress held?

A

June-July 1928

90
Q

When was the CCP meeting of the Politburo held after the 6PC?

A

Nov 1929

91
Q

By when was the CCP situation volatile but Comintern was happy with it?

A

23 July 1930

92
Q

When was the Returned Students’ Clique formed?

A

8 Jan 1931

93
Q

How many people were initially in the Communists’ First Workers’ & Peasant’s Army?

A

¬ 10,000

94
Q

When did Mao abandon Jinggangshan for Ruijin?

A

Jan 1929

95
Q

When was the First All-China Congress of Soviets held in Ruijin?

A

7 Nov 1931

96
Q

When was the Jiangxi Soviet first and fully established?

A

First established: 1928
Fully established: 1931

97
Q

When did Jiang start bandit extermination campaigns?

A

1903+

98
Q

Under Mao’s land reform, what became the fixed grain tax?

A

15-20%

99
Q

When did Mao instigate the purge of the Red Army and how many were killed?

A

Oct 1930
1000 executions

100
Q

When and how many leaders of the Futian protests did Mao call?

A

June 1931
200 leaders

101
Q

How many people died total in the Futian Purges?

A

20,000

102
Q

When was Mao replaced as general political commissar of the Red Army?

A

Oct 1932

103
Q

When did the CCP move from Shanghai to Ruijin?

A

Jan 1933

104
Q

How many people did Jiangxi Soviet govern in how large an area?

A

3 million ppl
30,000 km2

105
Q

How many people lived under Jiangxi Soviet admin?

A

3 million ppl

106
Q

When did the Jiangxi Soviet end?

A

1934

107
Q

When was the Nanjing govt. founded?

A

18th April 1927

108
Q

When was Beijing captured?

A

June 1928

109
Q

When was Jiang inaugurated at president and the govt. structure formalised?

A

10 Oct 1928

110
Q

When did the GMD announce they would monopolise power in a period of ‘political tutelage’?

A

March 1929

111
Q

When did Jiang assume the title of Generalissimo?

A

1931

112
Q

How many military campaigns were employed to subdue rebellions in the Nanjing Decade?

A

23

113
Q

In how many provinces did the Nationalists have direct control over in the Nanjing Decade?

A

4

114
Q

What % of govt. spending was on the military to just maintain control?

A

80%

115
Q

How many foreign concessions were given up as part of the modernisation programs in the Nanjing Decade?

A

10/23

116
Q

In Sichuan Province in 1933 taxes were being collected for what year in advance in the Nanjing Decade?

A

1971

117
Q

How many different taxes did the Gensan Province have in the Nanjing Decade?

A

44

118
Q

Between when did some provinces have tax rates 11x higher than the official rate?

A

Oct 1921-March 1933

119
Q

Between when did Control Yuan receive how many reports on laziness etc. in the Nanjing Decade?

A

1931-1937
69,500 reports

120
Q

How many reported officials were at fault for laziness and corruption between 1931-1937 and how many were sacked in the Nanjing Decade?

A

268 reported
13 sacked

121
Q

When was the Blue Shirts brotherhood founded in the Nanjing Decade?

A

1932

122
Q

How many members did the Blue Shirts have and by when?

A

14,000 strong by 1935

123
Q

How many Communists and sympathisers did the Nationalists claim to reform between what period in the Nanjing Decade?

A

1927-1937
24,000 Communists
155,525 sympathisers

124
Q

How many did the Communists claim the Nationalists killed between 1927-1937 in the Nanjing Decade?

A

300,000 ppl

125
Q

When was the New Life Movement launched?

A

February 1934

126
Q

How many rules did the New Life Movement introduce?

A

96

127
Q

When were Bandit Extermination and Encirclement campaigns launched against the CCP in the Nanjing Decade?

A

Dec 1930

128
Q

How many men and aircraft were used as part of Jiang’s new tactics against the Red Army in the Nanjing Decade?

A

1 million +
200 aircraft

129
Q

How many CCP troops were killed as part of the new Nationalist tactics and how many Soviet areas were captured by when in the Nanjing Decade?

A

1,000s of CCP soldiers
60/70 Soviet bases by Sept 1934

130
Q

How far West was Hunan for the new CCP base in the Nanjing Decade?

A

550km

131
Q

How long did the Long March take?

A

16 Oct 1934 - Oct 1935

132
Q

How long was the Long March and what was the average speed?

A

12,000km
Average speed = 27km/day

133
Q

How many provinces, mountain ranges and rivers etc. did the Long March go through?

A

11 provinces
18 mountain ranges
24 rivers & deserts etc.

134
Q

How many pitched battles occurred in the Long March?

A

15

135
Q

How many started on the Long March and how many were there at the end?

A

100,000 started
7-20,000 finished
(35 women allowed to go)

136
Q

In the changes after the Zunyi Conference, how many bolsheviks were sidelined?

A

28 Bolsheviks and Braun

137
Q

When did Yang and his unit arrive at the bridge of the battle of Luding Bridge?

A

29th May 1935

138
Q

How many men survived the snowy mountains and made their way into Sichuan?

A

10,000

139
Q

How many people were in Zhang’s army?

A

40,000

140
Q

When was the final battle at Lazikou Pass fought?

Marking a red army victory

A

16th September 1935

141
Q

When was the end of the long march officially proclaimed?

A

22nd October 1935

142
Q

Of the initial 100k marchers how many survived?

A

7-8,000 survived (4/5ths)

143
Q

In december 1935 what did the number of Soviets get boosted to?

A

30,000 because they moved their base to Yan’an and they collected the remnants of their abandoned soviet provences

144
Q

In what year did Japan begin to intrude on Chinese territory?

A

1931 (with a main focus on Manchuria)

145
Q

What was the date that without approval from the Japanese government a group of soldiers decided to attack Manchuria?

A

18th September 1931

146
Q

What year did Japan take control of Manchuria?

A

End of 1931

147
Q

In what year did Japan declare Manchuria’s independence from China?

A

18th Feb 1932

148
Q

When was the North China administration Region created?

A

1935

149
Q

When did Japan launch an all out assult on the repulic of China?

A

Mid 1937

150
Q

In the land tax refor, from what years was the surplus of land taken from landlords and redistributed to those in need?

A

from 1935-1937

151
Q

During the land and tax reform period, how much was the interests on loans and morgages reduced by?
and how much was the rent?

A

18% to 1.5% (interests)
rents were no more than 25% of harvest

152
Q

During the social changes of the Yan’an way, how much were literacy rates raised? And in what years?

A

they were 1% in 1936 and 50% in 1943

153
Q

During the Economic change in the Yan’an way how much of their own food was produced by the Soviets?

A

40%

154
Q

In the Yan’n political system, what percentage of the vote did each group hold + what were the groups?

A

1/3 = the members of the CCP
1/3= were from other leftist groups
1/3+ could be anyone except for Japanese collaboratiors, landlords, local bullies, or right wing GMD

155
Q

In what decade was Mao creating the majority of his ideologies?

A

1940’s

156
Q

What year did Mao formally launch his Reunification Campaign/ Zhengfeng?

A

1 feb 1942

157
Q

By what year was the reunification campaign shaping up as a purge?

A

1941

158
Q

by 1940 how many people did the Yan’an Soviet grow to?

A

50 million

159
Q

From 1934 to 1940 to 1945 how many more people were members of the CCP?

A

40,000 in 1937
800,000 by 1940
over a million 1945

160
Q

What was the growth of the red army from 1937 to 1945?

A

1937= 92k soldiers
1945= 860k soldiers

161
Q

When was Mao’s book On New Democracy published?

A

1940

162
Q
A
163
Q

What year did Mao’s reunification Campaign grow to a close?

A

1944

164
Q

When was the Fujian rising, how long did it take to quell?

A

1933

165
Q

When did Jiang come to an agreement with the Japanese allowing them to take 6 more provinces?

A

1935

166
Q

When was the 7th party congress?

A

August 1935

167
Q

By what date had Zhang negotiated a truce with the CCP?

A

Jan 1936

168
Q

When did Zhang meet with Zhou Enali to plan the end of the chinese civil war?

A

April 1936

169
Q

When did Jian fly to Xi’an to impose order upon the disobedient troops under Zhang’s command and dicipline Zhang?

A

3rd December 1936

170
Q

When did Zhang force a second united front?

A

12 December 1936

171
Q

Xi’an incident

When did Jiang fly back to Nanjing?

A

25 December 1936

172
Q

When was the second united front formally declared? + how long did negotiations take?

A

9 month formal negotiations, declared 22 September 1937

173
Q

When did the Sino-Japanese war begin? +how fast was the first battle from Beijing

A

7/7/1937
it was a minor clash betwen Chinese and Japanese troops at the Marco Polo Bridge 16km from Beijing

174
Q

Second Sino-Japanese War

Whe was the second front opened up outside Shanghai? + how many of Jiang’s troops were killed

A

13 Aug 1937
250k killed (60% of his best troops killed or wonded)

175
Q

sino-jap war 2nd edition

When did the Nationalist govenment declare the war as a war of self defence?

A

15 Aug 1937

176
Q

Sino-J war 2nd edition

When was shanghai and Nanjing lost?

A

Shanghai = Nov 1937
Nanjing 1937

177
Q

After the retreats of Nanjing and shanghai how many refugees were left without care?

A

100K

178
Q

In Nanjing how long did the Japanese terrorise civilians?
+how many were killed
+girls raped

A

7 weeks
up to 300k killed
10k women + girls raped

179
Q

On what day were the dykes of the yellow river blown up, and what were the results?

A

7th June 1938
Crops in 3 provences ruined
11 cities were flooded
3-5 million ppl were left homeless
500k drowned

180
Q

When did the city of Wunhan fall?

A

25 dec 1938

181
Q

2nd S-J war

When did the Nationalists establish ‘free China’?

A

20 Nov 1937

182
Q

2nd S-J war

What was the drop in income tax to at ‘free China’?

A

67% to 6.3%

183
Q

2nd S-J war

What was the hyperinflation price rise in 1 month?

A

50%

184
Q

2nd S-J war

Between 1942-1944 what was the average % price rise during the hyperinflation?

A

237%
Then 251% between Jan-Aug 1945

185
Q

2nd S-J war

What % of foreign aid ended up on the black market?

A

30%

186
Q

2nd S-J war

What did tax on crops increase to for peasants?

A

70-90% compared to CCP 25%

187
Q

2nd S-J war

How many people died between when due to hunger/disease during the Henan famine?

A

1942-43 there were 2-3 million deaths

188
Q

2nd S-J war

When was the Nationalists war effor described as ‘practically zero’ from?

A

1938

189
Q

2nd S-J war

What %/no. of GMD conscripts died as a result of treatment by GMD?

A

50% = 1.5 million

190
Q

2nd S-J war

When did Stilwel give Jiang the order from FDR for Stilewell to take over the military?

A

Sept 1944

191
Q

2nd S-J war

How many people died in the failed Hundred Regiments Offensive?

A

22000 men in late 1940

192
Q
A
193
Q

2nd S-J war

When did the US start the Dixie Mission?

A

July1944

194
Q

2nd S-J war

When did FDR send personal emissary Hurley to Yan’an?

A

Nov 1944

195
Q

2nd S-J war

How many Chinese soldiers were killed overall?

A

3 million

196
Q

2nd S-J war

How many Chinese civillians were killed?

A

18 million

197
Q

2nd S-J war

How many people became refugees?

A

95 million

198
Q
A

3/4 Revolutions (13 decks)

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