China AOS1 Perspectives

Question 1

Revive China Society

Revive China Society aims

Answer 1

‘overthrown the Manchus, the restoration of China to the Chinese, and the establishment of a republican government.’

Question 2

Hu Shi

Re: New Culture Movement

Answer 2

‘What is the sole aim of the new thought tide? It is to recreate civilisation.’

Question 3

Chen

Re: New Culture Movement

Answer 3

‘the strength of our country is weakening, the morals of our people degenerating, and the learning of our scholars is distressing. Our youth must take up the task of rejuvinating China.’

Question 4

Sun Yatsen

Final Testament

Answer 4

‘I leave behind a party which, as I always hoped, will be allied with you in its historical task of liberating China and other suppressed peoples from the yoke of imperialism.’

Question 5

Soviet advisor

Re: Jiang Jieshi

Answer 5

‘We consider… a peculiar person with peculiar characteristics, most prominent of these being his lust for glory and power and craving to be the hero of China.’

Question 6

Li Dazhao

Re: First United Front

Answer 6

‘… we cannot afford to have our revolutionary forces divided…we believe that we can contribute to its strength as well as providing additional rationale for promoting our national revolution.’

Question 7

Chen Duxiu

Re: Peasant participation in the rev

Answer 7

‘…it is difficult for the peasants to participate in the revolutionary movement.’

Question 8

Li Dazhou

Re: Peasant participation in the rev

Answer 8

‘…peasantry constitutes more than 90 percent of the population; among the whole population they occupy the principal position, and agriculture is still the basis of the national economy…we must emphasise that the peasantry is the most important thing.’

Question 9

Sun-Joffe declaration

Re: most pressing problems of China

Answer 9

‘China’s most important and most pressing problems are the completion of national unification and the attainment of full national independence.’

Question 10

Sun Yat-sen

Re: creation of the First United Front

Answer 10

‘The** republic is my child**. It is in danger of drowning. I am trying to keep it afloat and we are being swept down the river. I call for help to England and America. They stand on the bank and jeer at me. There comes a Russian straw. Drowning I clutch at it. England and America, on the bank, shoot at me, on no account to clutch the Russian straw. But they do not help me. They jeer themselves and at the same time tell me not to clutch that Russian straw. I know it is a straw, but it is better than nothing.’

Question 11

Wang Jingwei

Re: Communist & Nationalist relationship

Answer 11

‘The young people of the May Fourth Movement are something to be reckoned with, after all. Look at the enthusiasm with which they speak, and their energetic attitude.’

Question 12

Jiang

Re: Northern Expedition

Answer 12

‘To prtect the welfare if the people, we must overthrow all warlords and wipe out reactionary power so that we may implement the 3 Principles of the People and complete the National Revolution.’

Question 13

Li Lisan

Re: Revolutionary Class

Answer 13

‘The villages are the limbs of the ruling class. The cities are their brain and heart.’

Question 14

Nationalist Veteran

Re: Returned Students’ Clique

Answer 14

‘These fellows were just a group of young students, whom needless to say, had done nothing for the revolution.’

Question 15

Mao

Re: Red Army

Answer 15

‘These people are capable of fighting bravely, and, if properly led, can become a revolutionary force.’

Question 16

Mao

Re: Chinese Soviet Republic

Answer 16

‘two totally different states in the territory of China… the Chinese Soviet Republic, the state of the broad masses of the exploited and oppressed…

Question 17

Zhu

Re: Guerilla Tactics

Answer 17

‘With our tactics, the masses can be aroused for struggle on an ever-broadening scale, and no enemy, however powerful, can cope with us.’

Question 18

Mao

Re: Revolutionary Class

Answer 18

‘The peasants are the sea; we are the fish. The sea is our habitat.’

Question 19

Jiang

Re: Corruption & Laziness

Answer 19

‘I have observed that many of the staff members do not seem to know what they’re supposed to do while others do not know how to work at all… others read newspapers and still others sleep.’

Question 20

Jiang

Re: Fascism

Answer 20

‘stimulant for society’ & ‘wonderful medicine exactly suited to China.’

Question 21

Jiang

Re: New Life Movement

Answer 21

‘… thoroughly militarise the lives of the citizens… so that they will at any time sacrifice for the nation.’

Question 22

Soong Meilin

Re: New Life Movement

Answer 22

‘a direct attempt to compete with the Chinese platform of economic and social reform, substituting a retreat to Confucius for an advance to Marx.’

Question 23

Jiang:

Re: Communist problem as a priority

Answer 23

‘The Japanese are a disease of the skin; they can bcured. The Communists are a disease of the soul; it affects the whole body.’

Question 24

Mao

RE: Leadership role

Answer 24

Mao: ‘Take the ideas of the masses and concentrate them, then go to the masses, persevere in the ideas and carry them through so as to form correct ideas of leadership – such is the basic method of leadership’.

Question 25

Mao

Re: people who don’t put into practice their ideologies

Answer 25

Mao: ‘dogma is less useful than shit…shit can fertilise the fields…And dogmas? They can’t fertilise fields…Of what use are they?’

Question 26

Jiang

Re: 2nd Sino-Japanese war

Answer 26

‘Wherever I go is the government and the centre of resistance. I am the state.’

Question 27

Journalist Zhingyuan

Re: 2nd Sino-Japanese war

Answer 27

‘what was saddest was that when our side withdrew, a lot of our seriously wounded brothers had nobody to look after them. Some were crawling by the roadside, others shot themselves.’

Question 28

Stilwell

Re: 2nd Sino-Japanese war

Answer 28

‘The Chinese soldier is excellent material, wasted and betrayed by stupid leadership

Question 30

Stilwell

Re: 2nd Sino-Japanese war

Answer 30

‘Jiang is directly responsible for much of the confusion that normally exists in his command.’

Question 31

NYT Anderson

Re: Stilwell’s return (2 S-J war)

Answer 31

‘The decision to relieve General Stilwell represents the political triumph of a moribund, anti-democratic regime that is more concerned with maintaining its political supremacy than in driving the Japanese out of China.’

Question 32

Mao

Re: end of 2nd United Front

Answer 32

‘Those who play with fire ought to be careful… the whole people of the country will throw you in the gutter.’

Question 33

Dixie Mission report

Re: Dixie Mission

Answer 33

‘the Communists are in China to stay. And China’s destiny is not Jiang’s but theirs.’

Question 34

Mao

Re: Hurley’s Failed Negotiations

Answer 34

‘No nation needs to prop us up we can stand erect and walk on our own feet like free men.’

Question 35

Mao

Re: Civil War

Answer 35

‘We will give Jiang Yan’an. He will give us China.’
‘Empty cities don’t matter. The aim is to destroy the enemy’s army.’

Question 36

Red Army Song

Civil War:

Answer 36

‘Keep men, lose land, land can be taken again; keep land, lose men, land and men both lost.’

Question 37

Mao

Re: Civil War

Answer 37

‘Hu came in like a fist. We forced him open like a hand; now we are cutting ogg the fingers one by one.’

Question 38

Mao

Re: Civil War

Answer 38

‘Jiang Jieshi was my supply officer.’

Question 39

Mao

Re: end of Civil War

Answer 39

China ‘will never again be an insulted nation. We have stood up.’