Children's play

Question 1

What are the four key factors in the definition of play?
1. S____
2. A____
3. M____ over e____
4. J____

Answer 1

1. Spontaneous
2. Autonomous
3. Means over ends (engage in play for its own sake)
4. Joyful

Question 2

What are Parten’s 6 types of play?
1. U____ behaviour - s____ activity that lacks f____ or n____
2. S____ play - child playing a____ in f____ or s____ way
3. O____ play - child o____ other children playing without becoming i____ themselves
4. P____ play - children playing in p____ but not t____
5. A____ play - children play s____-b____-s____, sharing r____ and acknowledging, coping and working with eachother but different g____
6. C____ play - children playing together and sharing the same g____

Answer 2

1. Unoccupied behaviour (infancy +) - sensory activity that lacks focus or narrative
2. Solitary play (3mon-2.5yrs) - child playing alone in a focused or sustained way
3. Onlooker play (2.5-3.5yrs) - child observes other children’s play without becoming involved themselves
4. Parallel play (3.5yrs+) - children playing in proximity but not together
5. Associative play (4yrs+) - children play side-by-side, sharing resources and acknowledging, coping and working with each other but different goals
6. Cooperative play (4.5yrs+) - children playing together and sharing the same goal

Question 3

How is brain size linked to play?

Answer 3

Brain size significantly positively correlated with play
Play is more prevalent and more complex in larger brained species

Question 4

What was found in rats that were deprived of play?

Answer 4

Rats deprived of opportunities to play growing up cannot socialise as effectively as adults who were not deprived of play

Question 5

What are three ways play may relate to development?
1. C____ - play n____ for development
2. E____ - play does a____ development in this area, but it is not n____. There are other f____ which can affect d____ just as much
3. E____ - play behaviours happen to r____ to development in this area, but it doesn’t have a c____ role.

Answer 5

1. Critical - play necessary for development. Without play children would fail to develop typical abilities in this area
2. Equifinal - Play does affect
   development in this area, but it is not necessary. There are other factors which can affect development just as much as play
3. Epiphenomenal - Play behaviours happen to relate to development in this area, but it doesn’t have a causal role