Childhood Disorders Flashcards
Disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
Autism spectrum disorder
What is typically one of the first symptoms of autism?
Delayed, impaired speech
Are males or females more likely to have autism?
Males (4:1)
Condition where early development appears normal followed by restriction of brain growth (between 5-48 months of age) with impaired or declining developmental milestones thereafter
Rett syndrome
ADHD must present by this age
12
This symptom of ADHD may be less prominent in adolescence and adulthood
Hyperactivity
Condition where several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in two or more settings
ADHD
What is the most common type of ADHD?
Combined
Is there a dietary cause to ADHD?
Unlikely
In ADHD, deficits in this pathway may explain the impaired ability to delay gratification, resist distractions, regulate arousal, and attend to dull or repetitive tasks
Dopamine
Reduced brain volume and global thinning of cortex are seen in this childhood condition
ADHD
Condition with reduced cerebral blood flow and metabolic rates in the frontal lobes
ADHD
In ADHD, there is reduced cerebral blood flow and metabolic rates in this part of the brain
Frontal lobes
This is the superior treatment option for ADHD
Stimulants
Methylphenidate is this type of drug
Stimulant
Lisdexamfetamine is this type of drug
Stimulant
Lisdexamfetamine is a prodrug converted to this in the gut
Amphetamine
This stimulant is a prodrug converted to amphetamine in gut
Lisdexamfetamine
Dosing of this type of drug in ADHD is titrated for maximal response and minimal disruption
Stimulant
Is appetite decreased or increased with stimulants?
Decreased
Decreased appetite, insomnia, headache, psychosis, cardiac and growth are adverse effects of this therapy for ADHD
Stimulants
This is a black box warning for stimulants
Cardiac
(increase HR and BP; risk highest when anxiety is comorbid)
This ADHD therapy has a black box warning of cardiac (increase HR and BP)
Stimulant
The MOA of this nonstimulant ADHD therapy is norepinephrine specific reuptake inhibition
Atomoxetine / Viloxazine
What is the MOA for Atomoxetine / Viloxazine in ADHD?
Norepinephrine specific reuptake inhibition
Atomoxetine / Viloxazine inhibit the reuptake of this
Norepinephrine
These drugs for ADHD are centrally acting alpha2 agonists that act presynaptically to inhibit norepinephrine release and postsynaptically to increase blood flow in prefrontal cortex
Clonidine and Guanfacine
Clonidine and Guanfacine are agonists to this
Alpha2
Clonidine and Guanfacine inhibit the release of this
Norepinephrine
Clonidine and Guanfacine act postsynaptically to increase this
Blood flow
(in prefrontal cortex)
What effect do Clonidine and Guanfacine have on blood flow in the prefrontal cortex?
Increase
These two ADHD therapies increase blood flow in prefrontal cortex
Clonidine and Guanfacine
Adverse effects of these ADHD therapies include hypotension and rebound upon abrupt discontinuation (black box warning)
Clonidine and Guanfacine
Some evidence that combined with stimulants, these agents are associated with increased risk of cardiac problems and death
Clonidine and Guanfacine
What is the black box warning for Clonidine and Guanfacine?
Rebound upon abrupt discontinuation
Is hypo- or hypertension an adverse effect of Clonidine and Guanfacine?
Hypotension
Sedation may be dose limiting for these ADHD therapies
Clonidine and Guanfacine
When combined with stimulants, Clonidine and Guanfacine may cause increase risk of this
Cardiac problems and death
Type of tic that is sudden, brief movements
Limited number of muscle groups
Simple
Type of tic that is distinct, coordinated patterns
Several muscle groups
Complex
Condition characterized by enduring pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behaviors in the absence of serious violations of social norms or the basic rights of others
Oppositional defiant disorder
What is the treatment for Oppositional defiant disorder?
Parent management training
Behavioral therapy
Condition with angry/irritable mood, argumentative and defiant behavior, and vindictiveness
Oppositional defiant disorder
Condition involving aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, serious violations of rules
Conduct disorder
