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Neuro - Week 4 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Is the cerebellar cortex made up of white or gray matter?

A

Gray

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2
Q

The function of this part of the cerebellum is to process information from the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral cortex, and send inhibitory signals to the deep cerebellar nuclei

A

Cerebellar cortex

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3
Q

Does the cerebellar cortex send excitatory or inhibitory signals to the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Inhibitory

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4
Q

Is the deep cerebellar nuclei within the white or gray matter?

A

White

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5
Q

Are the deep cerebellar nuclei input or output structures?

A

Output

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6
Q

Do the deep cerebellar nuclei integrate excitatory or inhibitory signals?

A

Both

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7
Q

The function of this major part of the cerebellum is to integrate inhibitory and excitatory signals and project to various motor and cognitive centers

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

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8
Q

What are the three primary lobes of the cerebellum?

A

anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

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9
Q

This cerebellar lobe is separated by the primary fissure

A

Anterior lobe

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10
Q

This cerebellar lobe is separated by the posterolateral fissure

A

Posterior lobe

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11
Q

This fissure separates the corpus cerebelli into posterior and anterior lobes

A

Primary fissure

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12
Q

This fissure separates the flocculonodular lobe from the corpus cerebelli

A

Posterolateral fissure

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13
Q

This cerebellum division is along the midsagittal plane

A

Vermis

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14
Q

This cerebellum division is lateral to the vermis

A

Intermediate zone

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15
Q

This cerebellum division is lateral to the intermediate zone

A

Lateral hemisphere

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16
Q

Small, inferior portion of the cerebellum
Known as the vestibulocerebellum

A

Flocculonodular lobe

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17
Q

Portion of the cerebellum that regulates posture, balance, and smooth eye movements (like tracking objects)

A

Flocculonodular lobe

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18
Q

Is the flocculus or the nodulus on each side of the cerebellum?

A

Flocculus

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19
Q

Is the flocculus or the nodulus in the midline and part of the vermis?

A

Nodulus

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20
Q

The cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to this

A

Brainstem

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21
Q

This cerebellar peduncle contains fibers from the contralateral inferior olive (olivocerebellar fibers)

A

Inferior

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22
Q

This cerebellar peduncle contains fibers that form the climbing fibers, essential for motor learning and timing

A

Inferior

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23
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncle contains fibers from this

A

Contralateral inferior olive
(olivocerebellar fibers)

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24
Q

Fibers from the inferior cerebellar peduncle form these, which are essential for motor learning and timing

A

Climbing fibers

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25
Q

Cerebellar peduncle that has functions in motor learning and timing

A

Inferior

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26
Q

This cerebellar peduncle contains fibers from the contralateral pontine nuclei (pontocerebellar fibers)

A

Middle

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27
Q

Fibers from this cerebellar peduncle form the mossy fibers, responsible for conveying cortical information about movement planning

A

Middle

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28
Q

This cerebellar peduncle functions in conveying cortical information about movement planning

A

Middle

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29
Q

The middle cerebellum peduncle contains fibers from this

A

Contralateral pontine nuclei
(pontocerebellar fibers)

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30
Q

Fibers from the middle cerebellar peduncle form these, which are responsible for conveying cortical information about movement planning

A

Mossy fibers

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31
Q

This cerebellar peduncle is the main output pathway of the cerebellum

A

Superior

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32
Q

This cerebellar peduncle has fibers that arise from the interpositus and dentate nuclei

A

Superior

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33
Q

This cerebellar peduncle projects to the contralateral red nucleus and thalamus, influencing motor coordination and execution

A

Superior

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34
Q

Fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle arise from these two structures

A

Interpositus and Dentate nuclei

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35
Q

The superior cerebellar peduncle projects to these two structures

A

Contralateral red nucleus and Thalamus

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36
Q

This cerebellar peduncle functions in motor coordination and execution

A

Superior

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37
Q

This is the innermost histological layer of the cerebellar cortex

A

Granule cell layer

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38
Q

This is the middle histological layer of the cerebellar cortex

A

Purkinje cell layer

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39
Q

This is the outermost histological layer of the cerebellar cortex

A

Molecular layer

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40
Q

This histological layer of the cerebellar cortex is made up of interneurons, golgi and granule cells

A

Granule cell layer

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41
Q

This histological layer of the cerebellar cortex is 1 cell thick only, and are the main neurons of the cortex

A

Purkinje cell layer

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42
Q

This histological layer of the cerebellar cortex is mostly made of the axons of granule cells and the dendrites of Purkinje cells

A

Molecular layer

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43
Q

These small cells of the cerebellum receive input from mossy fibers and project to the Purkinje cells

A

Granule cells

44
Q

Granule cells receive input from these fibers

A

Mossy fibers

45
Q

Granule cells project to these cells

A

Purkinje cells

46
Q

Apical dendrites of these cells form a large fan of finely branched processes

A

Purkinje cells

47
Q

Do mossy and climbing fibers function in the input or output of information from the cerebellum cortex?

48
Q

These cerebellar input fibers originate in the pontine nuclei, the spinal cord, the brainstem, reticular formation, and the vestibular nuclei

A

Mossy fibers

49
Q

These cerebellar input fibers originate in the inferior olive

A

Climbing fibers

50
Q

Climbing fibers originate in this

A

Inferior olive

51
Q

Mossy fibers make excitatory projections onto the cerebellar nuclei, as well as these cells

A

Granule cells

52
Q

Climbing fibers make excitatory projections onto the cerebellar nuclei, as well as these cells

A

Purkinje cells

53
Q

Do mossy or climbing fibers make projections onto granule cells?

A

Mossy fibers

54
Q

Do mossy or climbing fibers make projections onto Purkinje cells?

A

Climbing fibers

55
Q

Each Purkinje cell receives a single, extremely powerful input from a single fiber of this type

A

Climbing fiber

56
Q

These cells provide output from the cerebellum, and project to the deep cerebellar nuclei

A

Purkinje cells

57
Q

Purkinje cells provide cerebellar output, and project to this

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

58
Q

Do Purkinje cells make excitatory or inhibitory projections?

A

Inhibitory (GABAergic)

59
Q

Purkinje cells primarily release this neurotransmitter

A

GABA (are inhibitory)

60
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that is most medially located

A

Fastigial nucleus

61
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that carries vestibular, proximal somatosensory, auditory and visual information

A

Fastigial nucleus

62
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that is situated lateral to the fastigial nucleus

A

Interposed nuclei

63
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that carries spinal, proximal somatosensory, auditory and visual information

A

Interposed nuclei

64
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that is the largest of the cerebellar nuclei

A

Dentate nucleus

65
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that is located lateral to the interposed nuclei

A

Dentate nucleus

66
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that carries information from the cerebral cortex (via the pontine nuclei)

A

Dentate nucleus

67
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that is located outside the cerebellum, in the medulla

A

Vestibular nuclei

68
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that receives input from the flocculonodular lobe and from the vestibular labyrinthe

A

Vestibular nuclei

69
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleus that functions in balance and eye movements

A

Vestibular nuclei

70
Q

Both the fastigial and interposed nuclei of the cerebellum carry proximal somatosensory, auditory, and visual information, but which carries vestibular information?

A

Fastigial nucleus

71
Q

Both the fastigial and interposed nuclei of the cerebellum carry proximal somatosensory, auditory, and visual information, but which carries spinal information?

A

Interposed nuclei

72
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum includes the flocculonodular lobe and its connections within the lateral vestibular nuclei

A

Vestibulocerebellum

73
Q

The vestibulocerebellum includes the flocculonodular lobe and its connections within this

A

Lateral vestibular nuclei

74
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum is involved in vestibular reflexes, eye movements and postural maintenance

A

Vestibulocerebellum

75
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum is involved in the vestibuloocular reflex

A

Vestibulocerebellum

76
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum includes the vermis and the intermediate zones of the cerebellum cortex, as well as the fastigial and interposed nuclei

A

Spinocerebellum

77
Q

The spinocerebellum includes these two regions of the cerebellar cortex

A

Vermis and Intermediate zones

78
Q

The spinocerebellum includes these two deep cerebellar nuclei

A

Fastigial and interposed nuclei

79
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum produces adaptive motor coordination

A

Spinocerebellum

80
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum projects output to the rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, and reticulospinal tracts

A

Spinocerebellum

81
Q

This is the largest functional subdivision of the cerebellum

A

Cerebrocerebellum

82
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum comprises the lateral hemispheres and dentate nuclei

A

Cerebocerebellum

83
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum has extensive connections with the cerebral cortex, via the pontine nuclei (afferents) and VL thalamus (efferents)

A

Cerebrocerebellum

84
Q

The cerebrocerebellum has extensive connections with the cerebral cortex, via these two structures

A

Pontine nuclei (afferent)
VL thalamus (efferent)

85
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum is involved in the planning and timing of movements and cognitive functions

A

Cerebrocerebellum

86
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum receives input from the pontine nuclei

A

Cerebrocerebellum

87
Q

This deep cerebellar nucleus sends output to the motor cortex and functions in motor planning

A

Dentate nucleus

88
Q

Cerebrocerebellum receive input from this nucleus

A

Pontine nuclei

89
Q

Cerebrocerebellar sends output to this nucleus

A

Dentate nucleus

90
Q

Cerebrocerebellum sends output to the dentate nucleus, which projects to these two structures

A

Contralateral red nucleus and thalamus
(which then relays to cortex)

91
Q

This functional subdivision of the cerebellum sends output to the dentate nucleus, which projects to the contralateral red nucleus and thalamus, which then relays to cortex

A

Cerebrocerebellum

92
Q

What are the three functional subdivisions of the cerebellum?

A

Vestibuocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum

93
Q

Do lesions of the lateral cerebellum result in ipsilateral or contralateral motor deficits?

A

Ipsilateral
(due to “double-crossed” pathways)

94
Q

This is impaired coordination/jerky movements, that is seen in cerebellar disorders

95
Q

This describes errors in the magnitude of movement, such as overshooting and undershooting during finger to nose test
Is seen in cerebellar disorders

96
Q

Vertigo is a sign of cerebellar disorder, and is a consequence of this system

A

Vestibulocerebellar

97
Q

Midline cerebellar lesions affect these two structures

A

Vermis and flocculonodular lobe

98
Q

Do midline cerebellar lesions cause unilateral or bilateral deficits?

99
Q

Ataxic gait, difficulty with equilibrium, and nystagmus (oscillation of the eyes) are symptoms of lesions to this region of the cerebellum

A

Midline
(vermis and flocculonodular lobe)

100
Q

Lesion to this part of the cerebellum involves the lateral hemispheres, dentate nucleus, and superior cerebellar peduncles

A

Neocerebellar syndrome
(cerebrocerebellum)

101
Q

Intention tremor is a classical sign of damage to this part of the brain

A

Cerebellum

102
Q

This cerebellar sign is a difficulty in performing rapidly alternating movements

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

103
Q

Where is the decussation location of spinocerebellum fibers?

A

At the level of the deep cerebellar nuclei

104
Q

The spinocerebellum pathway stays ipsilateral through the cerebellum, and then sends information to these two structures via the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Contralateral thalamus and cerebral cortex

105
Q

The spinocerebellum pathway stays ipsilateral through the cerebellum, and then sends information to the contralateral thalamus and cerebral cortex via this peduncle

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

106
Q

Pontocerebellar fibers enter the cerebellum via this peduncle

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

107
Q

Fibers of the cerebrocerebellum leave the cerebellum via this peduncle, and project to the contralateral red nucleus and thalamus

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Neuro - Week 4 (9 decks)

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