Childhood & Adolescence

Question 1

Can you use pregnancy tests to detect testicular cancer?

Answer 1

• Pregnancy tests test for levels of HGc
• Many types of testicular tumours produce this same hormone
• Answer: potentially!
  
  • Not a reliable indicator, but possible

Question 2

Parental socialization components (3)

Answer 2

1. Expectations
2. Reactions
3. Communication

Question 3

cultural influences on immigrants

Answer 3

• Degree of acculturation
  
  • Peer behaviour
• Impact of Western values
• Can cause conflict between parents and children

Question 4

Self-stimulation in infants

Answer 4

Between 6-12 months, infants will discover genitals -> realize pleasurable response

Once coordination improves (15-19m), this is increased

Question 5

become more social (less self-centred)

Answer 5

Age 4-5

Question 6

start to label themselves with a gender

Answer 6

2.5-3
- Don’t relate gender differences to sex (girls = vaginas, boys = penis)
- “Everyone has a penis but I’m a guy because I play with trucks”

Question 7

more interested in sexuality

Answer 7

3-4
- Interested in seeing people nude
- Stare at people in changing room
- Very affectionate towards parents
- May say they want to marry parent
- 80% knew some term for genitals at this age

Question 8

form concept of marriage

Answer 8

age 5

Question 9

relate gender to physical traits

Answer 9

5-6

Question 10

first learn about sexual behaviour

Answer 10

4-6
Freud believed this experience could inhibit the child’s subsequent psychosexual development

Question 11

Adrenarche

Answer 11

Maturation of adrenal glands -> increased androgens
8-10

Question 12

Mixed-sex sexual play

Answer 12

During childhood = little mixed-sex sexual behaviour

• Gender segregation

Most activity = age 11-12

Question 13

Same-sex sex play

Answer 13

• Normal for development because of segregation
  
  • Playing doctor, show and tell, etc.
• Not an indicator of sexual orientation

Question 14

Sexualization of Children

Answer 14

• A person’s value comes from sexual appeal or behaviour
• A person is held to a standard in which physical attraction = being sexy
• A person is sexually objectified
• Sexuality is inappropriately imposed on another person

Question 15

Self-sexualization

Answer 15

When an adolescent girl chooses to wear an outfit they think is sexy or undergo cosmetic surgery

Question 16

APA suggestions to counteract self-sexualization:

Answer 16

1. Media literacy programs
2. Broader range of athletic activities
   
   • Major protective factor for women
3. Comprehensive sex education

Question 17

Biological factors during adolescence

Answer 17

Increase in testosterone
- brain development
- pubertal

Question 18

masturbation age

Answer 18

13-15 (Kinsey data—current data suggests masturbation now begins 1-2 years earlier)
Asians = less likely to masturbate

Being in a satisfying sexual relationship did not affect how likely they were to masturbate

Question 19

Gender intensification

Answer 19

further development and elaboration of the assigned gender in childhood

Question 20

Experiences that intensify youths’ concerns about gender:

Answer 20

• Pubertal development
• Intensified cultural and peer pressure to conform to cis gender-role norms
• Increased time spent in gendered social contexts

Question 21

Predictors of satisfaction at first intercourse:

Answer 21

Intentional (not spontaneous)
- Planning = more satisfaction

People less committed to gender roles
- Less committed to acting out stereotypical gender roles

More positive body image

Question 22

Too Early Sex

Answer 22

15 or younger

Question 23

Criminal Code of Canada

Answer 23

Nude photos under 18 = child pornography

Question 24

Intimate photo exception

Answer 24

If it was consensual, taken by one of 2 people involved, kept private = NOT considered illegal

• 2014 = illegal to knowingly circulate images of another person without consent

Question 25

Moral panic:

Answer 25

extreme social response to belief that the moral condition of society is deteriorating at a rapid pace

• Lead to new regulations and laws, often duplicating or fine-tuning ones that already exist

Question 26

biological causes of risky behaviour

Answer 26

the amygdala (emotion) and ventral striatum (seeking feel-good rewards) develop earlier than impulse control (prefrontal)

Question 27

Why don’t adolescents perceive themselves to be at-risk for STI:

Answer 27

1. minimize seriousness
2. choosing partners like themselves = wont be infected
3. sexual script of trusting affectionate relationship means =/= infected

Question 28

Circle jerk , limp biscuit

Answer 28

group masturbation

Question 29

Timeline of sexual development

Answer 29

Age 10 – first ”crush” or attraction
- Corresponds with adrenal gland starts releasing hormones
- Evidence this is tied to increase in testosterone

Age 12-14 – first kiss

Age 15-16 – genital fondling
- Touching someone else or someone touching them

Age 16-19 – first intercourse

• 68% have had sex by age 19
• penis in vagina sex → heteronormative, limiting

Question 30

age - infancy and preschool

Answer 30

0-4 years

Question 31

Childhood

Answer 31

(5-11 years)

Question 32

Adolescence

Answer 32

(12-18 years)

Question 33

ideas about losing virginity

Answer 33

• Gift
• Stigma
  
  • Shameful to be a virgin
• Process
  
  • Seeing virginity loss as a step to growing up

Question 34

Meanings of virginity to youth:

Answer 34

1. gift to committed partner
2. stigma to be rid of (least common—mostly men)
3. state one will inevitably transition out of (most common)

Question 35

6 Dominant Themes in high quality relationships

Answer 35

1. Fidelity and respect
2. Sensuality
3. Connecting through time spent together and joint activity
4. Passion, magic, pleasure
5. Shared future plans
6. Creating tangible memories