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PSYC 350 - Midterm 2 > Attraction, Love and Communication > Flashcards

Attraction, Love and Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Attraction:

A

Immediate and positive emotional and/or behavioural response to someone

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2
Q

components of attraction (2).

A
  1. affective (emotional)
    “I like this person”
  2. behavioural
    “I would like to meet this person”, “I want to approach this person”
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3
Q

Sexual Selection theory

A

Evolution of adaptive traits to increase reproductive advantage -> Suggests our mating behaviour in humans reflects our evolved traits that have been selected for

not for survival – for MATING

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4
Q

Parental Investment Theory

A

Women have greater minimal obligatory investment when having children

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5
Q

Sexual Strategies Theory

A

Men and women face different adaptive problems in reproduction

MEN:
- Determining which women are able to reproduce
- Minimize commitment, shorter term relationship, more likely to practice extramarital sex
- Need to spread seed everywhere

WOMEN:
- Committed partner, invest resources, identify men who can care for children
- Financial status, ability and willingness to provide assistance

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6
Q

MOST IMPORTANT QUALITIES FOR ATTRACTIVENESS:

A
  1. agreeableness
  2. physical attractiveness
  3. status
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7
Q

facial symmetry theories

A
  1. indicator of genetic fitness (indicator of genetic superiority)
  2. perceptual bias (symmetrical things = easier to process)
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8
Q

Facial Sexual Dimorphism

A

Theory: preference for traits that best exhibit sexual maturation and reproductive fitness

Women – big eyes, small nose, small chin, full lips and prominent cheekbones, narrow cheeks, broad smile

Men – strong jaws and broad foreheads, slightly more feminized and baby faced men are more attractive too

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9
Q
  • When asked to rate faces, people rate computer averaged faces as more attractive than others
  • Why?
A

evolutionary theory -> abnormal = genetic mutations

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10
Q

Canadian teenagers

A

69% of girls would like to lose weight and 54% of boys would like to gain weight

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11
Q

Dutton & Aron (1974) study effect

A

misattribution of arousal

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12
Q

Swami et al. (2010) study

A

Three conditions:(1) positive personality; (2)
negative personality; (3) no information -> male Ps judging female Ps

  • When given positive information = more accepting of physical appearance
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13
Q

Germine et al. (2015)

A
  • Twin study
    • Compared identical/fraternal on facial attractiveness ratings

FINDINGS: genetically identical twins were not closer in ratings suggesting perceptions of physical attractiveness are not due to genes (nature), but rather the environment (nurture) -> Personality preferences, own characteristics, SES environment, learning

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14
Q

characteristics of companionate love

A

Intelligence, kindness, understanding

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15
Q

sexual partner important attributes

A

W: attractive, healthy, attentive
M: attractive, healthy, personality

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16
Q

marriage partner important attributes

A

W: trustworthy, sensitive, personality
M: personality,trustyworthy, attractive

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17
Q

Propinquity effect

A

our tendency to like people whose paths cross more often with our own (Expanded by online dating increasing opportunity for attraction)

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18
Q

Mere-exposure

A
  • the more we are exposed to something, the more we are attracted to them
    • EXCEPTIONS: negative first impression
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19
Q

Assortative Mating

A

the tendency to choose a partner who is similar to oneself on one or more characteristics

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20
Q

Homophily

A

tendency to have contact with people equal in social status

  • greatest = race/ethnicity, followed by education and age.
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21
Q

homogamy

A

when someone marries someone with whom they share important characteristics

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22
Q

the most consistent similarity for people in relationships

A

Ethnicity -> 34% say they prefer same ethnic group, 93% relationships = same ethnic group

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23
Q

mixed unions

A

at least one person in visible minority group together

24
Q

Matching phenomenon

A

We tend to choose partners who match us in quality
- Balance in rewards and costs
- “mate value”
- Self-esteem plays a role
- Physical attraction: higher SES and education

25
Q

Reciprocal liking

A

We like those who like us and we dislike those who dislike us

26
Q

strongest predictor of sexual satisfaction

A

—Open communication and connection in INTIMACY

27
Q

Differentiates romantic FROM PLATONIC

A

PASSION

28
Q

emotional component

A

intimacy

stable or increases

29
Q

motivational component

A

passion

decrease over time as familiarity and commitment increases

30
Q

cognitive component

A

Decision or commitment ( 2 aspects) :

  • short (decision one loves the other)
  • long (commitment to maintain relationship )
31
Q

evidence for sternberg

A

cross-cultural study confirmed cultural universality of theory

32
Q

Love as a Story

A

sternberg
Contains characters, a plot, and a theme
People tend to be unhappy and leave relationships when their relationship does not match the story they have in their head

33
Q

Predictors of Long Term Relationship Satisfaction

A

💡 Many fall under domain of communication

  • Feeling loved/appreciated
  • Emotional closeness
    • Intimacy and sharing
  • Sexual satisfaction (quantity, type, context, etc.)
  • Self-disclosure
    • Related to intimacy
  • Ability to resolve conflict
  • Skilled communication (relationship/sex)
  • Mindfulness (being present, identifying and
    communicating emotions)
34
Q

stable communication

A

5x as many + as - interactions

35
Q

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (Gottman)

A
  1. Criticism
    • Attacking partner’s character
  2. Contempt
    • Disgust/anger
    • Intentional insults
  3. Defensiveness
    • Denying responsibility, making complaints
  4. Stonewalling
    • Withdrawal or silence
36
Q

Factors in growth of online dating:

A
  1. Growing proportion of population = single
  2. career & time = more efficient ways of looking
  3. single people are highly mobile
  4. workplace romance is less acceptable
37
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Dating

A
  1. forces you to focus on person’s interests and values
  2. deception = less chance of a second date /:
  3. modern dating has introduced a “rejection mindset” where people are less satisfied with any given person they meet through online dating
38
Q

The basis of romance

A

testosterone, dopamine, oxytocin, and vasopressin

39
Q

3 classes of influence on relationship success:

A
  1. personal characteristics
  2. individual change
  3. uncontrollable external events (unemployment, infertility, chronic illness, etc.)
40
Q

Reinforcement theory

A
  • we like people who are nice to us and dislike people who are mean to us
  • people prefer to interact with people who are similar because it is rewarding
41
Q

Rebuffed

A

shot down

42
Q

3 Factors in Maintaining Relationships:

A
  1. relationship satisfaction
  2. quality of alternative
  3. investment
43
Q

Attachment Theory of Love

A

2 dimensions: anxiety and avoidance

  • based on our perceptions of ourselves and on our expectations of how others will respond to us
44
Q

Secure attachment

A

have a sense of their own lovability and the expectation that other people are generally accepting and responsive

45
Q

Preoccupied

A

sense of their own unlovability but a positive evaluation of other people.
Try to achieve self-acceptance by gaining the acceptance of people they value.
most commonly jealous

46
Q

Fearful

A

have a negative expectation of both themselves and other people.
- tend to avoid relationships

47
Q

Dismissing

A
  • feel themselves to be worthy of love but have negative views of other people.
  • These people may protect themselves against disappointment by avoiding close relationships and maintaining a sense of independence
48
Q

2 types of jealousy

A

(can occur together or separate):

  1. Emotional
    • when one person believes or knows that the partner is emotionally attached to or in love with another
  2. Sexual
    • when the person believes or knows that the partner wants to engage in or has engaged in sexual intimacy with another
49
Q

Situations activating jealousy:

A
  1. occurs when there is a threat to self-esteem
  2. threat to relationship
50
Q

Stages of jealousy:

A
  1. cognitive
    • we make an initial appraisal of the situation and find that there is a threat to our self-esteem or to the relationship
  2. emotional reaction
    1. rapid stress response, the “jealous flash (physiological component)
    2. reappraisal stage, we may shift from seeing the situation as a threat to seeing it as a challenge
  3. feelings of moodiness
51
Q

4 aspects of romantic scripts:

A
  1. connection
  2. passion
  3. destiny
  4. instant
52
Q

Passionate love (3 components)

A

💡 state of intense longing for union with another person and of intense physiological arousal

  • overwhelming, obsessive, and all consuming

3 components:
1. cognitive
- preoccupation and idealization
2. emotional
- physiological arousal, sexual attraction, desire
3. behavioural
- physical closeness, taking care of the other

53
Q

Two-Component Theory of Love

A

passionate love occurs when two conditions exist simultaneously:

  1. the person is in a state of intense physiological arousal
  2. the situation is such that the person applies a particular label—love—to the sensations being experienced
54
Q

myotonia

A

muscular tension

55
Q

4 destructive patterns of interaction:

A
  1. criticism
  2. contempt
    • intentionally insulting or orally abusing
  3. defensiveness
  4. withdrawal
56
Q

Magic ratio

A

5x positive than negative (verbal and nonverbal)

PSYC 350 - Midterm 2 (6 decks)

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