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Child Psychopathology > Child Psych Unit 2 Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Child Psych Unit 2 Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety Disorder Characteristics

A

Anxiety and avoidance behaviors
Most common- Specific phobia
Most treated- Panic disorder
Lifetime prevalence 4-8%

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2
Q

Fear Definition

A

Normal response to objective threat or danger with clearly delineated stimulus

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3
Q

Anxiety definition

A

Apprehension without apparent course or identifiable stimulus
Normal in moderation

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4
Q

Freud’s Conception of Anxiety

A

Objective Anxiety- Natural response to perceived danger, fear
Neurotic Anxiety- Free floating anxiety, attachment to object causes phobia

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5
Q

Behavioral Anxiety Symptoms

A

Motor uneasiness, hyper vigilance
Screaming and crying
Compulsive escape-avoidant behaviors
Shyness
School refusal

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6
Q

Cognitive Anxiety symptoms

A

Increased inattentiveness and distractability
Decreased school performance
Impaired memory

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7
Q

Physiological Anxiety symptoms

A

Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Sweating
Abdominal pain
Enuresis

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8
Q

Phobia Definition

A

Excessive and unreasonable response leading to severe avoidance
Most common anxiety disorder in children

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9
Q

Common fears across age groups

A

Infants- Height, noise
1-2 years- Strangers, toileting, injury
Preschool- Animals, dark, strangers, alone, imaginary creatures
Elementary- Animals, dark, lightening, thunder, safety
Middle- Realistic, academic, social, health, parent disapproval

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10
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

Excessive anxiety concerning separation from the home or attachment figure beyond developmental level
Periods of exacerbation and remission across several years

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11
Q

SAD Associated features

A

Fear of the dark
Depressed mood
Physical complaints
Demanding, needing attention presentation
Conscientious, eager to please presentation

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12
Q

Potential SAD Causes

A

Hospitalization
Loss of parent by death or divorce
Parental depression

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13
Q

PTSD History

A

1918- Frued’s first conception
1930-40s- Alarm period, study post-holocaust
1970- Studied in Vietnam Vets and school bus kidnapping
1980- Included in DSM-III

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14
Q

PTSD Potential Causes

A

Natural Disasters
Human violence
Abuse
Kidnapping or crimes against child
Man-made disasters
Illness or injury

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15
Q

PTSD Compounding Factors

A

Lack of closure
Children as accessories to crimes
Not allowed to grieve and process
Lack of parental emotional support
Ongoing abuse or trauma

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16
Q

PTSD Presentation in Children

A

Traumatic, abnormal play
Nightmares
Regressive behaviors
Hopelessness, feeling of shortened life

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17
Q

Rutter 1970 Isle of Wight Study

A

Longitudinal depression study in isolated UK island
Found 13% grade-school depression and 40% adolescent depression

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18
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A

Presence of 5+ symptoms for 2+ weeks, causing significant distress or impairment
Major features of depressed mood and anhedonia

19
Q

Depression Symptoms

A

Depressed mood
Loss of interest or pleasure- Anhedonia
Sleep changes
Fatigue
Psycho-motor changes
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Poor concentration
Suicidal ideation

20
Q

Dysthymia

A

Depressed mood for most of the day on more days than not lasting for 2+ years (1+ in children)
Never without symptoms for more than 2 months
No impairment- Manageable

21
Q

Mania symptoms

A

Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Decreased need for sleep
Pressure or rapid speech and ideas
Distractability
Increase in goal-directed activity
Psycho-motor agitation
Engagement in pleasurable activities with consequences

22
Q

Bipolar I

A

History of 1+ manic episode- Delusions lasting 1+ weeks
Does not require depressive symptoms

23
Q

Bipolar II

A

History of 1+ MDD episode and 1+ hypomanic episode
No delusions, lasting 4+ days

24
Q

Cyclothymia

A

Numerous hypomanic and depressed moods for 2+ years
Never without symptoms for 2+ months
Do not meet criteria for MDD or bipolar disorders

25
Q

Lifetime prevalence of mood disorders

A

MDD- 10-25% for women, 5-12% for men
Dysthymia- 6%
Bipolar and cyclothymia- 1% each

26
Q

Developmental Depression Presentation

A

Infancy- Alaclitic Depression
Toddler- Aggression and hyperactivity
Preschoolers- Irritability, social withdrawal
School- Withdrawal, avoid play and family, hopelessness, apathy
12- Pessimistic, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite
17- Nightmares, suicidal ideation

27
Q

Abraham-Freud Depression Theory

A

Aggression turned inward
Loss of self-esteem

28
Q

Object-Loss Depression Theory
Spitz-Bowlby

A

Disruption of attachment bond
Insecure mother-infant attachment
Atmosphere without love

29
Q

Beck’s Depression Theory

A

Negative cognitive triad- Self, past, future
Worthlessness, hopelessness, and helplessness

30
Q

Learned helplessness (Seligman) Depression Theory

A

Individual does not recognize relationship between actions and relief from adverse effects

31
Q

Loss of Reinforcement Depression Theory
Lazarus and Lewinsohn

A

Loss of positive Reinforcement

32
Q

Biological Depression Theory

A

Genetic and neuropsychological factors

33
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

Used for treatment-resistant depression
IV anesthetic and muscle relaxants provided to patient
Electrodes placed on scalp and current passed to induce Grand-Mal seizure
Repeated 2-3 times per week for 3-4 weeks

34
Q

ECT Electrode placement

A

Traditional- One on each side of scalp
Modern- Both on right half of head
Thought is protecting dominant (left) hemisphere from potential damage

35
Q

Postpartum Depression

A

Non-psychotic depressive episode after or prior delivery extending into the postpartum period
MDD criteria for 1+ week
Treated with interpersonal or cognitive-behavioral therapy

36
Q

Prevalence of Postpartum Conditions

A

Postpartum Blues- Benign and short-lived- 30-75%
Postpartum depression- MDD Criteria- 13%
Postpartum psychosis- Severe, rapidly evolving- 0.1-0.2% (rare)

37
Q

Mintz and Betz Theory of Eating Pathology

A

Continuum of normal, atypical, and disordered eating

38
Q

Sociocultural Influences on Eating Disorders

A

Attitudes emphasizing thinness and ideal beauty
Endorsing “Super Woman Pattern”

39
Q

Feminist Theory of Eating Disorders

A

Acceptance of nurturing role providing food to others while restricting own needs
Identity and self worth are tied to body image

40
Q

Opposing Feminist theory of Eating Disorders

A

Anorexia is the rejection of the female role because it defeminizes the body
Causes loss of secondary sex characteristics

41
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Nervous loss of appetite
Refusal to maintain within 15% of normal body weight
Restrictive or binging/purging form

42
Q

Anorexia Associated Symptoms

A

Amenorrhea
Laxative use or excessive exercise
Preoccupation with food
Loss of hair and dental problems
Many physical symptoms

43
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory purging behaviors
Maintain normal or slightly overweight
Surrounded by guilt or shame
Occurs 2-30 time per week

Child Psychopathology (8 decks)

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